Figure 1.

Ultrasound guided erector spinae plane block. Tuohy needle was inserted in a cephalad-to-caudal direction, toward the 3 muscles and the transverse process of T5. After contacting the transverse process, the needle was advanced forward. After confirming that the needle was deep to the erector spinae muscle, we injected the local anesthetic. Then, a 19-gauge epidural catheter was inserted using real time ultrasound guidance. Arrow head = catheter, arrow = needle, ESM = erector spinae muscle, TP = transverse process.