. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Sep 1.

Published in final edited form as: Kidney Int. 2019 Apr 2;96(3):777–786. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.03.018

Table 3.

Effect of the 12-month Protein Supplementation with and without Exercise Intervention on Arterial Function.

		Baseline	6 months	12 months	Between Group Comparison by GEE
		Baseline	6 months	12 months	P (T^*G)	P (Time)	P (Group)
Arterial Function
bSBP (mmHg)	CON	140.6±26.6	130.5±29.4	138.1±27.5	0.21	0.92	0.01
	PRO	144.6±23.1	149.2±21.6^θ	148.9±23.3
	PRO+EX	132.3±21.3^‡	136.4±30.4^‡	132.4±27.9^‡
bDBP (mmHg)	CON	81.4±15.2	74.2±13.8^*	74.9±15.2^**	0.22	0.16	0.88
	PRO	78.2±13.4	78.8±15.1	78.5±12.5
	PRO+EX	77.6±13.5	77.8±14.4	76.6±16.6
aSBP (mmHg)	CON	129.5±13.5	118.4±28.2	121.8±21.7	0.14	0.76	0.03
	PRO	130.1±23.9	136.0±21.2	134.3±22.3
	PRO+EX	123.2±21.3	126.3±23.9	118.0±25.9
aDBP (mmHg)	CON	83.5±14.1	76.3±14.7^*	75.1±13.8^**	0.29	0.10	0.73
	PRO	81.7±23.1	80.4±15.7	79.0±12.1
	PRO+EX	78.5±13.1	79.5±14.1	76.3±18.0
Aix75 (%)	CON	24.7±11.7	19.7±14.4	22.7±10.6	0.58	0.24	0.43
	PRO	25.6±10.9	25.6±11.4	25.7±11.0
	PRO+EX	25.0±13.1	21.3±2.7	21.8±14.4
PWV (m/s)	CON	9.4±2.6	8.7±2.3^*	10.1±4.0	0.08	0.30	0.16
	PRO	10.8±3.5	10.3±2.8	9.6±2.7
	PRO+EX	9.3±3.1	9.9±4.0	8.7±2.2

bSBP: brachial systolic blood pressure, bDBP: brachial diastolic blood pressure, aSBP: aortic systolic blood pressure, aDBP: aortic diastolic blood pressure, Aix 75: augmentation index at heart rate 75 beats per minute, PWV: pulse wave velocity

: indicates significant within-group difference between baseline vs 6 months in outcome measures by paired t-test

^**

: indicates significant within-group difference between baseline vs 12 months in outcome measures by paired t-test

^θ

: indicates a significant group difference compared to CON group by LSD post-hoc analysis at a time point

^‡

: indicates a significant group difference compared to PRO group by LSD post-hoc analysis at a time point