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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Addict Behav. 2019 Jul 3;98:106043. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106043

Table 4.

Subjective craving response (adjusted mean ± standard error) to nicotine nasal spray by oral contraceptive use

Oral Contraceptive Users (n=14) Naturally Cycling Participants (n=28) Mean Difference* Group difference p-value** Phase difference in group difference p-value**
Craving after nicotine nasal spray, adjusted for Pre-Nasal-Spray level
 Model 1
   All testing sessions together 2.51 ± 0.29 3.07 ± 0.23 −0.57 ± 0.30 0.062
 Model 2 0.605
   Anticipated low progesterone week 2.57 ± 0.33 3.05 ± 0.25 −0.48 ± 0.35 0.174
   Anticipated high progesterone week 2.44 ± 0.33 3.10 ± 0.25 −0.66 ± 0.35 0.061
*

(β ± Standard Error),

**

P-values are from linear mixed models with a random intercept for matched set, a random intercept for subject nested within matched set, and adjusted for progesterone level (model 1), FTND, study week order, smoking status, and pre-nasal-spray SSS level; each row is its own model.