Table 2.
Father Involvement at 3 and 12 months post-partum *
| 3 months | 12 months | |
|---|---|---|
| (N = 879) | (N = 926) | |
| Father temporarily non-resident (%) | 18.1% | 23.2% |
| Father is able to help mother in taking care of child** | ||
| Rarely/never | 10.5% | 7.2% |
| Sometimes | 19.4% | 20.5% |
| Often | 70.1% | 72.1% |
| Father enjoys spending time with the child** | ||
| Not at all | 3.0% | 0.3% |
| Not that much | 12.0% | 9.8% |
| A lot | 85.0% | 89.9% |
| Plays or interacts with the child**(% yes) | 41.8% | 38.9% |
| The child likes to be held by**(% yes) | 11.0% | 22.7% |
| Helps to soothe the child when restless/crying**(% yes) | 6.1% | 17.1% |
| Aggregate Father involvement score | ||
| Low (0–3) | 16.0% | 12.5% |
| Medium (4) | 32.4% | 34.9% |
| High (5–10) | 33.6% | 29.3% |
| Predictors of Father Involvement** (Mean score (SD)) | ||
| Asset index quintile | ||
| 1 | 4.64 (2.30) | 5.13 (2.62) |
| 2 | 4.83 (2.04) | 5.18 (2.33) |
| 3 | 4.66 (2.10) | 4.98 (2.47) |
| 4 | 4.35 (1.96) | 5.10 (2.50) |
| 5 | 5.01 (2.09) | 5.10 (2.44) |
| Nuclear family | 5.02 (2.19) | 5.16 (2.55) |
| Extended/multiple | 4.64 (2.08)^ | 5.08 (2.44) |
| Paternal education | ||
| None | 4.47 (2.02) | 5.10 (2.86) |
| Primary | 4.73 (2.43) | 4.71 (2.33) |
| Middle | 4.83 (2.23) | 5.21 (2.41) |
| Secondary | 4.77 (2.11) | 5.17 (2.45) |
| Higher secondary | 4.26 (1.82) | 4.83 (2.43) |
| Tertiary | 4.68 (1.63) | 5.32 (2.50) |
| Depressed at baseline | 4.38 (2.09) | 4.98 (2.46) |
| Not depressed at baseline | 4.81 (2.10)^ | 5.14 (2.47) |
| Female child | 4.72 (2.20) | 5.00 (2.38) |
| Male child | 4.67 (2.02) | 5.19 (2.54) |
*
Results based on weighted data;
**
excluding temporarily non-resident fathers;
^
p<.05 from mixed models that incorporate clustering and weights