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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Kidney Int. 2019 May 6;96(3):656–673. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.03.023

Figure 3: Formoterol restored injury-induced changes to mitochondrial morphology, OCR and ATP:

Figure 3:

(A) MitoTracker staining was used to assess mitochondrial morphology in cultured human podocytes. Elongated mitochondria were observed in healthy untreated podocytes (arrows), but shortened fragmented mitochondria were noted in podocytes injured by PS. Treatment with formoterol restored elongated morphology to a larger extent. Scale bar 10μm. (B) The quantitative analysis showed more than 70% recovery of mitochondrial morphology upon formoterol treatment of PS-injured cells. (C–D) Formoterol treatment along with PS-injury significantly enhanced the basal as well as uncoupled OCR in cultured podocytes. *P≤0.05 vs. untreated control (2-tailed t-test). (E) ATP measurements showed significant enhancement of ATP production in PS+formoterol treated cells. *P≤0.05 vs. untreated control.