Table 1.
Overview of P300 oddball and novel studies in subject at clinical high risk for psychosis.
| Citation | Subjects | P300 Paradigm | ERP Measures | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| van der Stelt et al. (2005) | 10 at-risk subjects, 14 recent-onset SZ, 14 CSZ patients and 14 HC | An active auditory oddball task; Pressing a button for target tones |
P300 oddball | Smaller P300 amplitude in high-risk subjects than HC, but comparable with recent-onset and chronic SZ patients. |
| Bramon et al. (2008) | 35 ARMS (7 ARMS-C and 28 ARMS-NC) and 57 HC; | An active auditory oddball task; Pressing a button for target tones |
P300 oddball and N100 | Smaller P300 amplitude in ARMS than HC; No significant differences of P300 amplitude between ARMS-C and ARMS-NC groups. |
| Ozgurdal et al. (2008) | 54 prodromal subjects, 31 EFP, 27 CSZ patients and 54 HC | An active auditory oddball task; Pressing a button for target tones |
P300 oddball | Smaller P300 amplitude in prodromal, FEP and CSZ patients than HC; Large P300 amplitude in prodromal FEP than CSZ patients. |
| Van Tricht et al (2010) | 61 UHR subjects and 28 HC; 18 UHR-Tand43UHR-NT | An active auditory oddball task; Counting target tones |
P300 oddball, N1, P2, N2b | Smaller P300 amplitude in UHR-T than UHR-NT and HC; Reduced P300 amplitude related to increased scores of social anhedonia and withdrawal; Smaller N2b in both UHR-T and UHR-NT than HC. |
| Fusar-Poli et al. (2011) | 39 ARMS subjects and 41 HC; 10 ARMS-C and 29 ARMS-NC | An active auditory oddball task; Pressing a button for target tones |
P300 oddball, gray matter volume | Smaller P300 amplitude in ARMS than HC; Positive correlation between P300 amplitude and gray matter loss of the right supramarginal gyrus/ superior temporal gyms. |
| Atkinson et al. (2012) | 30 UHR, 11 FEPand20HC | A passive auditory oddball task; | MMN, P3a | Smaller P3a amplitude in UHR than HC, but marginally smaller P3a amplitude in FEP than HC; Smaller MMN amplitude in both UHR and FEP than HC. |
| Jahshan et al. (2012) | 26 prodromal patients, 31 recent-onset SZ patients, 33 CSZ patients and 28 HC | A passive auditory oddball task | MMN, P3a, RON | Intermediate P3a and MMN amplitude of prodromal patients between those of HC and recent-onset group; Reduced RON in recent-onset and chronic groups than HC. |
| Mondragon-Maya et al. (2013) | 23CHR, 20FEPand24HC | A passive auditory oddball task | MMN, P3a | Smaller P3a amplitude in FEP and CHR than HC; No significant group difference on MMN amplitude. |
| Nieman et al. (2014) | 61 CHR subjects (18 CHR-C and 43 CHR-NC) | An active auditory oddball task; Counting target tones | P300 oddball | A decrease of P300 oddball amplitude of 1 uv related to an increase of the relative risk of developing a first psychotic disorder of 27% |
| Higuchi et al. (2014) | 19 ARMS, 19 FEP, 19 chronic SZ patients and 19 HC; 4 ARMS-C and 15ARMS-NC | A passive auditory oddball task | MMN, P3a, RON | No significant difference of P3a amplitude between ARMS and HC. Smaller MMN amplitude in ARMS-C than both ARMS-NC and HC while no differences between ARMS-NC and HC; Reduced RON in FEP and chronic SZ patients than HC, but not in ARMS. |
| del Re et al. (2015) | 21 CHR, 20 FEP and 25 HC; | An active auditory oddball task and an active auditory novel task | P300 oddball, P300 novel, N100, P200 | Smaller P300 oddball amplitude in CHR and FEP groups than HC; Smaller P300 novel amplitude in CHR and FEP groups than HC. |
| Kim et al. (2015) | 45 CHR non-converters; 19 CHR-R and 26 CHR-NR after 2-year follow-up | An active auditory oddball task; Pressing a button for target tones | P300 oddball | No significant differences of oddball P300 amplitude between CHR-R and CHR-NR; P300 oddball amplitude associated with improvement in negative and general symptoms. |
| Atkinson et al. (2017) | 80UHRand58HC; 7 UHR-T after 1-year follow-up | A passive auditory oddball task | MMN, P3a | No significant differences of either MMN or P3a between UHR and HC. |
| Kim et al. (2018) | 32 CHR, 32 GHR, 42 SZ and 42 HC | An active auditory oddball task; Pressing a button for target tones | P300 oddball, inter-trial variability | Smaller P300 oddball amplitude in CHR, GHR and SZ than HC; |
ARMS, subjects at-risk for mental state; ARMS-C, ARMS subjects who made a transition to psychosis; ARMS-NC, ARMS subjects who did not make a transition to psychosis; CHR, clinical high risk for psychosis; CHR-R, CHR subjects who remitted; CHR-NR, CHR subjects who did not remit; CSZ, chronic patients with schizophrenia; FEP, patients with first-episode psychosis; GHR, genetic high-risk for psychosis; MMN, Mismatch negativity; RON, reorienting negativity; UHR, subjects at ultra-high risk for psychosis; UHR-T, UHR subjects who made a transition to psychosis; UHR-NT, UHR subjects who did not make a transition to psychosis.