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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2019 Mar 20;30(9):1512–1521.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.jvir.2018.11.032

Figure 4: Immunohistochemical staining for CD31 and CD68.

Figure 4:

A upper row is representative sections at 20X magnification and a lower row is at 40X magnification after CD31 staining of the negative control (negative), sham jugular graft vein (sham GV), and PTA treated jugular graft vein (PTA GV). CD31 (+) cells are localized to adventitia and media forming microvessels (red arrow) in PTA treated vessels compared to control shams. In contrast, in sham controls, the CD31 (+) cells staining the endothelium are denuded, whereas, in the PTA treated vessels (single red line), the endothelium is intact with continuous CD31 (+) cells (double black dashed lines). B upper row are representative sections at 20X magnification and b lower row is at 40X magnification after CD68 staining of the negative control, sham GV, and PTA GV. In sham vessels, CD68 (+) cells are seen in the neointima and subendotheilial space (black arrows). In the PTA vessels, they are localized to the media and adventitia (black arrows). (c) There is a significant increase in the CD31 index of the PTA GV compared to sham controls (**P<0.01). (d) There is a significant decrease in the CD68 index of the PTA GV compared to sham controls (*P<0.05). Each bar represents mean ± SEM of 6–7 animals. ADV, adventitia; L, lumen. Scale bar is 50-μm.