Table 1:

All APA parameters and their coefficients of variation (except for AP-COP_pk1 and AP-COP_pk2) across conditions. Significant univariate p-values are bolded, and the superscripts indicate a significant difference from the condition specified (p < 0.05). Data are presented as the average ± s.e.m.

	Baseline Shoes (1)	Baseline PPAFO_Passive (2)	Acoustic PPAFO_Passive (3)	PPAFO_Assist (4)	Acoustic PPAFO_Assist (5)	p-value
vGRF_pk (%BW)	5.2 ± 1.1^2,3,4,5	7.8 ± 1.4^1,4,5	10.4 ± 1.8^1,5	14.3 ± 1.5^1,2	15.5 ± 1.6^1,2,3	<0.001
vGRF_t_pk (ms)	322.7 ± 124.9¹	382.6 ± 27.2^3,4,5	298.7 ± 24.0^2,4	237.3 ± 21.1^1,2,3	289.3 ± 36.4²	<0.001
ML-COP_pk (cm)	1.5 ± 0.3^3,4,5	1.8 ± 0.3^3,4,5	2.3 ± 0.3^1,2,4,5	3.4 ± 0.4^1,2,3	3.6 ± 0.4^1,2,3	<0.001
ML-COP_t_pk (ms)	309.4 ± 26.1^2,4	373.2 ± 28.7^1,3,4,5	294.1 ± 24.3^2,4	245.7 ± 10.9^1,2,3	286.4 ± 36.6²	0.001
AP-COP_pk1 (cm)	1.2 ± 0.2	0.9 ± 0.2	1.3 ± 0.3	1.0 ± 0.2	1.3 ± 0.3	0.100
AP-COP_t_pk1 (ms)	380.4 ± 38.6^3,4,5	327.7 ± 38.7^3,4,5	242.4 ± 27.5^1,2,4	146.5 ± 12.4^1,2,3	191.0 ± 33.1^1,2	0.001
AP-COP_pk2 (cm)	1.6 ± 0.6⁴	1.7 ± 0.6^3,4,5	2.4 ± 0.6²	2.8 ± 0.7^1,2	2.8 ± 0.7²	0.019
AP-COP_t_pk2 (ms)	842.7 ± 41.4	846.6 ± 54.2^4,5	763.4 ± 52.2	709.9 ± 51.3²	736.3 ± 57.8²	0.020
t_toe-off (ms)	831.5 ± 50.4^4,5	866.9 ± 60.5^4,5	777.9 ± 58.5⁴	671.3 ± 49.0^1,2,3	695.1 ± 55.2^1,2	<0.001
Coefficient of Variation (COV)
vGRF_pk	0.62 ± 0.11^3,4,5	0.67 ± 0.16^4,5	0.34 ± 0.06¹	0.27 ± 0.06^1,2	0.26± 0.03^1,2	0.018
vGRF_t_pk	0.29 ± 0.05	0.37 ± 0.06	0.22 ± 0.03	0.30 ± 0.08	0.17 ± 0.04	0.165
ML-COP_pk	0.57 ± 0.10^4,5	0.70 ± 0.16^4,5	0.35 ± 0.06	0.26 ± 0.06^1,2	0.23 ± 0.04^1,2	0.017
ML-COP_t_pk	0.28 ± 0.06	0.41 ± 0.08	0.26 ± 0.03	0.27 ± 0.07	0.23 ± 0.05	0.271
AP-COP_t_pk1	0.39 ± 0.08	0.45 ± 0.07	0.36 ± 0.04	0.53 ± 0.11	0.27 ± 0.04	0.213
AP-COP_t_pk2	0.24 ± 0.04^3,5	0.23 ± 0.04⁵	0.16 ± 0.02¹	0.18 ± 0.03	0.12 ± 0.02^1,2	0.009
t_toe-off	0.21 ± 0.04⁵	0.20 ± 0.03^3,4,5	0.12 ± 0.02²	0.13 ± 0.02²	0.13 ± 0.02^1,2	0.032