FIG 3.

Biofilm formation analysis by E. coli ST131 and ST648. Crystal violet (CV) (A) and FITC-CoA (B) staining of biofilm adherent to polystyrene microplates plates on after incubation for 48 h at 28 or 37°C at the liquid-air interface. For CV staining, retained CV in adherent bacteria is equivalent to the production of biofilm. For FITC-ConA staining, the fluorescence intensity (arbitrary units [a.u.]) represents the EPS production. Horizontal dotted lines indicate low/medium/high biofilm production. Error bars indicate the standard errors of the mean. ****, P < 0.0001; ***, P < 0.001; **, P < 0.01; *, P < 0.5.