Table 1:

Demographic, event and post-CPR Characteristics by Survival to hospital discharge and survival to hospital discharge with favorable neurological outcome. BP: blood pressure, CPR: cardiopulmonary resuscitation, DBP: diastolic blood pressure

		Survival to Hospital Discharge			Survival to Hospital Discharge with Favorable Neurological Outcome
	Overall (N = 102)	Yes (N = 58)	No (N = 44)	P-value	Yes (N = 53)	No (N = 49)	P-value
Intra-arrest DBP
DBP above target (25 mmHg for infants, 30 mmHg for children)	69 (67.6%)	42 (72.4%)	27 (61.4%)	0.287¹	37 (69.8%)	32 (65.3%)	0.675¹
Post-arrest Hypotension Indicators
Any systolic BP < 5th percentile	39 (38.2%)	24 (41.4%)	15 (34.1%)	0.539¹	22 (41.5%)	17 (34.7%)	0.543¹
Any diastolic BP < 5th percentile	8 (7.8%)	3 (5.2%)	5 (11.4%)	0.286¹	3 (5.7%)	5 (10.2%)	0.476¹
Post-arrest Hypertension Indicators
Any systolic BP > 90th percentile	59 (57.8%)	34 (58.6%)	25 (56.8%)	1.000¹	32 (60.4%)	27 (55.1%)	0.689¹
Any diastolic BP > 90th percentile	70 (68.6%)	46 (79.3%)	24 (54.5%)	0.010¹	41 (77.4%)	29 (59.2%)	0.057¹
Age (Months)	9.0 [2.5, 43.5]	8.0 [1.5, 33.5]	12.0 [3.5, 50.0]	0.246²	7.5 [1.5, 33.5]	11.5 [3.5, 48.5]	0.218²
Age				0.224¹			0.229¹
< 1 year	59 (57.8%)	37 (63.8%)	22 (50.0%)		34 (64.2%)	25 (51.0%)
>= 1 year	43 (42.2%)	21 (36.2%)	22 (50.0%)		19 (35.8%)	24 (49.0%)
Male	59 (57.8%)	35 (60.3%)	24 (54.5%)	0.686¹	32 (60.4%)	27 (55.1%)	0.689¹
Ethnicity				0.821¹			0.907¹
Hispanic or Latino	14 (13.7%)	8 (13.8%)	6 (13.6%)		8 (15.1%)	6 (12.2%)
Not Hispanic or Latino	72 (70.6%)	42 (72.4%)	30 (68.2%)		37 (69.8%)	35 (71.4%)
Unknown or Not Reported	16 (15.7%)	8 (13.8%)	8 (18.2%)		8 (15.1%)	8 (16.3%)
Race				0.399¹			0.300¹
White	50 (49.0%)	27 (46.6%)	23 (52.3%)		25 (47.2%)	25 (51.0%)
Black or African American	19 (18.6%)	8 (13.8%)	11 (25.0%)		7 (13.2%)	12 (24.5%)
Other	7 (6.9%)	5 (8.6%)	2 (4.5%)		5 (9.4%)	2 (4.1%)
Unknown or Not Reported	26 (25.5%)	18 (31.0%)	8 (18.2%)		16 (30.2%)	10 (20.4%)
Pre-existing conditions
Respiratory insufficiency	84 (82.4%)	46 (79.3%)	38 (86.4%)	0.437¹	43 (81.1%)	41 (83.7%)	0.799¹
Hypotension	76 (74.5%)	37 (63.8%)	39 (88.6%)	0.006¹	33 (62.3%)	43 (87.8%)	0.003¹
Congestive heart failure	11 (10.8%)	4 (6.9%)	7 (15.9%)	0.200¹	4 (7.5%)	7 (14.3%)	0.346¹
Pneumonia	12 (11.8%)	7 (12.1%)	5 (11.4%)	1.000¹	7 (13.2%)	5 (10.2%)	0.762¹
Sepsis	24 (23.5%)	14 (24.1%)	10 (22.7%)	1.000¹	13 (24.5%)	11 (22.4%)	0.820¹
Trauma	6 (5.9%)	1 (1.7%)	5 (11.4%)	0.082¹	1 (1.9%)	5 (10.2%)	0.102¹
Renal insufficiency	11 (10.8%)	6 (10.3%)	5 (11.4%)	1.000¹	5 (9.4%)	6 (12.2%)	0.754¹
Malignancy	3 (2.9%)	1 (1.7%)	2 (4.5%)	0.576¹	1 (1.9%)	2 (4.1%)	0.607¹
Congenital heart disease	65 (63.7%)	41 (70.7%)	24 (54.5%)	0.102¹	39 (73.6%)	26 (53.1%)	0.040¹
Illness Category				0.775¹			0.660¹
Surgical cardiac	54 (52.9%)	33 (56.9%)	21 (47.7%)		31 (58.5%)	23 (46.9%)
Medical cardiac	13 (12.7%)	7 (12.1%)	6 (13.6%)		7 (13.2%)	6 (12.2%)
Surgical non-cardiac	8 (7.8%)	4 (6.9%)	4 (9.1%)		3 (5.7%)	5 (10.2%)
Medical non-cardiac	26 (25.5%)	13 (22.4%)	13 (29.5%)		12 (22.6%)	14 (28.6%)
Unknown	1 (1.0%)	1 (1.7%)	0 (0.0%)		0 (0.0%)	1 (2.0%)
Baseline Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category				0.098³			0.090³
1 - Normal	44 (43.1%)	26 (44.8%)	18 (40.9%)		25 (47.2%)	19 (38.8%)
2 - Mild disability	32 (31.4%)	20 (34.5%)	12 (27.3%)		17 (32.1%)	15 (30.6%)
3 - Moderate disability	16 (15.7%)	10 (17.2%)	6 (13.6%)		9 (17.0%)	7 (14.3%)
4 - Severe disability	8 (7.8%)	2 (3.4%)	6 (13.6%)		2 (3.8%)	6 (12.2%)
5 - Coma/vegetative state	2 (2.0%)	0 (0.0%)	2 (4.5%)		0 (0.0%)	2 (4.1%)
Baseline functional status scale	8.0 [6.0, 11.0]	8.0 [6.0, 10.0]	7.5 [6.0, 11.5]	0.931²	8.0 [6.0, 10.0]	8.0 [6.0, 11.0]	0.657²
Immediate Cause
Hypotension	67 (65.7%)	35 (60.3%)	32 (72.7%)	0.213¹	33 (62.3%)	34 (69.4%)	0.533¹
Arrhythmia	16 (15.7%)	11 (19.0%)	5 (11.4%)	0.412¹	10 (18.9%)	6 (12.2%)	0.422¹
Respiratory decompensation	46 (45.1%)	26 (44.8%)	20 (45.5%)	1.000¹	23 (43.4%)	23 (46.9%)	0.842¹
Cyanosis without respiratory decompensation	1 (1.0%)	1 (1.7%)	0 (0.0%)	1.000¹	1 (1.9%)	0 (0.0%)	1.000¹
First documented rhythm at time CPR initiated (Collapsed)				0.126¹			0.273¹
Asystole/PEA	32 (31.4%)	14 (24.1%)	18 (40.9%)		13 (24.5%)	19 (38.8%)
VF/VT	7 (6.9%)	3 (5.2%)	4 (9.1%)		3 (5.7%)	4 (8.2%)
Bradycardia with poor perfusion	59 (57.8%)	38 (65.5%)	21 (47.7%)		34 (64.2%)	25 (51.0%)
Unknown	4 (3.9%)	3 (5.2%)	1 (2.3%)		3 (5.7%)	1 (2.0%)
Location of CPR Event				0.154¹			0.157¹
PICU	40 (39.2%)	19 (32.8%)	21 (47.7%)		17 (32.1%)	23 (46.9%)
CICU	62 (60.8%)	39 (67.2%)	23 (52.3%)		36 (67.9%)	26 (53.1%)
Duration of CPR (minutes)	5.0 [2.0, 11.0]	4.0 [2.0, 10.0]	7.0 [3.0, 14.5]	0.094²	4.0 [2.0, 10.0]	6.0 [3.0, 13.0]	0.257²
Duration of CPR (minutes)				0.148¹			0.436¹
1–5	57 (55.9%)	37 (63.8%)	20 (45.5%)		33 (62.3%)	24 (49.0%)
6–15	30 (29.4%)	16 (27.6%)	14 (31.8%)		15 (28.3%)	15 (30.6%)
16–35	12 (11.8%)	4 (6.9%)	8 (18.2%)		4 (7.5%)	8 (16.3%)
>35	3 (2.9%)	1 (1.7%)	2 (4.5%)		1 (1.9%)	2 (4.1%)
Interventions in place
Vascular access	94 (92.2%)	53 (91.4%)	41 (93.2%)	1.000¹	48 (90.6%)	46 (93.9%)	0.717¹
Arterial catheter	101 (99.0%)	57 (98.3%)	44 (100.0%)	1.000¹	52 (98.1%)	49 (100.0%)	1.000¹
Central venous catheter	90 (88.2%)	51 (87.9%)	39 (88.6%)	1.000¹	46 (86.8%)	44 (89.8%)	0.762¹
Vasoactive infusion	77 (75.5%)	40 (69.0%)	37 (84.1%)	0.104¹	37 (69.8%)	40 (81.6%)	0.177¹
Invasive mechanical ventilation	86 (84.3%)	46 (79.3%)	40 (90.9%)	0.169¹	42 (79.2%)	44 (89.8%)	0.178¹
ETCO₂ monitoring	53 (52.0%)	31 (53.4%)	22 (50.0%)	0.842¹	30 (56.6%)	23 (46.9%)	0.428¹
Non-invasive ventilation	11 (10.8%)	8 (13.8%)	3 (6.8%)	0.343¹	7 (13.2%)	4 (8.2%)	0.529¹
Pharmacologic interventions
Epinephrine	86 (84.3%)	49 (84.5%)	37 (84.1%)	1.000¹	44 (83.0%)	42 (85.7%)	0.789¹
# of doses (when used)	2.0 [1.0, 3.0]	1.0 [1.0, 3.0]	2.0 [1.0, 4.0]	0.061²	1.0 [1.0, 3.0]	2.0 [1.0, 4.0]	0.042²
Calcium	42 (41.2%)	18 (31.0%)	24 (54.5%)	0.025¹	17 (32.1%)	25 (51.0%)	0.070¹
Sodium bicarbonate	47 (46.1%)	24 (41.4%)	23 (52.3%)	0.319¹	22 (41.5%)	25 (51.0%)	0.427¹
Vasopressin	5 (4.9%)	3 (5.2%)	2 (4.5%)	1.000¹	2 (3.8%)	3 (6.1%)	0.669¹

Fisher’s exact test.

Wilcoxon rank-sum test.

Cochran-Armitage trend test.