Table 4.

Summary of results.

Characteristic	All cases (n = 91)
Age, years
Median (range)	61 (22–84)
Gender
Female/male	36 vs 55
Ethnicity
Asian	14/91 (15%)
Tumor types
Melanoma	48/91 (53%)
NSCLC	14/91 (15%)
Past medical history*	20/91 (22%)
Prior immunotherapy	22/91 (24%)
IL-2	2/91
Interferon	7/91
Ipilimumab	16/91
Nivolumab	3/91
Immune checkpoint inhibitor
Anti-CTLA-4	3/91 (3%)
Anti-PD-1	65/91 (71%)
Anti-PD-L1	7/91 (8%)
Anti-CTLA-4 + anti-PD-1	14/91 (15%)
Anti-PD-L1 + 4-1BB blockade	1/91
CTLA-4 or PD-1 blockade	1/91
Time-to-diagnosis in cycles (range)	4.5 (1–17)
Combination therapy	2.7 (1–5)
With/without DKA	4 vs 5.9
GADA pos./GADA neg.	3.1 vs 5.9
Diabetic ketoacidosis	64/91 (71%)
Glycemia, median (range)	565 mg/dL (209–1211)
Glycated hemoglobin, median (range)	7.6% (5.4–11.4)
Low-C-peptide at diagnosis	58/69 (84%)
Elevated lipase	13/25 (52%)
Positive pancreas autoantibodies
At least one	47/88 (53%)
Two or more	13/88 (15%)
Type of pancreas autoantibodies
GADA	51%
IA-2	18%
ICA	13%
Anti-insulin	26%
ZnT8	4%
HLA analysis	51/91 (56%)
Susceptible	31/51 (61%)
Susceptible and protective	2/51 (4%)
Neutral	10/51 (20%)
Protective	8/51 (16%)
Thyroid dysfunction with ICI	21/91 (24%)
Prior history of thyroid dysfunction	2/21

*Diabetes mellitus, thyroid disease or risk thereof.

4-1BB, CD137; CTLA-4, cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4; DKA, diabetes ketoacidosis; GADA, glutamic acid decarboxylase; HLA, human leukocyte antigen; IA-2, insulinoma-associated antigen-2; ICA, islet-cell antibodies; ICI, immune checkpoint inhibitor; IL-2, Interleukin-2; NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer; PD-1, programmed cell death protein 1; PD-L1, programmed death-ligand 1; ZnT8, zinc transporter 8.