Table 3.

Intervention functions with capability-opportunity-motivation-behavior components and behavior change techniques (including evidence of effectiveness and target group preferences).

Intervention functions	BCTsa with evidence from literature	Target group preferences
Education	Self-monitoring of behavior [44-46]	Tracking for promoting awareness of eating behavior
Education	Feedback on behavior [47-50]	Tips are motivational (low cost and easy tips)
Education	Information about health consequences [47,51,52]	—b
Education	Prompts/cues [53]	Support through reminder
Persuasion	Information about health consequences [47,51,52]	—
Persuasion	Feedback on behavior [47-50]	Tips are motivational (low cost and easy tips)
Persuasion	Verbal persuasion about capability [34]	—
Persuasion	Social comparison [49,54,55]	Social comparison
Incentivization	Feedback on behavior [47-50]	Tips are motivational (low cost and easy tips)
Incentivization	Self-monitoring of behavior [44-46]	Tracking for promoting awareness of eating behavior
Incentivization	Nonspecific incentive/reward (includes positive reinforcement) [49,56,57]	Gamification
Training	Instruction on how to perform a behavior	Tips are motivational (low cost and easy tips)
Training	Feedback on behavior [47-50]	Tips are motivational (low cost and easy tips)
Training	Self-monitoring of behavior [44-46]	Tracking for promoting awareness of eating behavior
Training	Graded tasks [58]	—
Enablement	Action planningc [44]	—
Enablement	Coping planningc [44]	—
Enablement	Goal setting (behavior) [59]	Goal setting
Enablement	Discrepancy between current behavior and goal [46]	Tracking for promoting awareness of eating behavior
Enablement	Self-monitoring of behavior [44-46]	Tracking for promoting awareness of eating behavior
Enablement	Graded tasks [58]	—
Enablement	Social support (unspecified) [55]	—

^aBCT: behavior change technique.

^bNot applicable.

^cBased on the health action process approach [36].