Table 7.
Changes in Average & Worst Pain Between Groups
| Outcome measures | Control (n = 19; 95% CI)b | Intervention (n = 21; 95%CI)b | Between-group differences (95% CI)c |
|---|---|---|---|
| VAS average (0–100 mm)a | |||
| Baseline to 72 hr | (−3.61) (−2.56, 9.78) | 5.71 (−3.94, 15.36) | |−9.32| (−20.68, 2.04) |
| 72 hr to 7 d | 8.11 (3.01, 13.21) | 10.64 (4.91, 16.37) | |−2.53| (−10.03, 4.95) |
| Baseline to 7 d | 4.5 (−2.05, 11.05) | 16.36 (8.05, 24.67) | |−11.86| (−22.25, −1.46)* |
| 7 d to 14 d | 6.37 (1.68, 11.06) | 6.74 (2.22, 11.25) | |−0.37| (−6.67, 5.93) |
| 14 d to 42 d | 9.76 (3.15, 16.37) | 1.91 (−1.43, 5.25) | 7.85 (0.61, 15.1) |
| VAS worst (0–100 mm)a | |||
| Baseline to 72 hr | (−11.66) (−23.57, 0.25) | 0.67 (−6.58, 7.92) | |−12.33| (−25.51, 0.85) |
| 72 hr to 7 days | 11.55 (4.34, 18.76) | 13.93 (6.47, 21.38) | |−2.37| (−12.46, 7.71) |
| Baseline to 7 d | (−0.11) (−10.92, 10.7) | 14.6 (4.82, 24.38) | |−14.71| (−28.81, −.061)* |
| 7 d to 14 d | 10.95 (2.83, 19.1) | 15.07 (7.91, 22.22) | |−4.12| (−14.59, 6.3) |
| 14 d to 42 d | 11.24 (1.05, 21.43) | 8.36 (2.19, 16.18) | 2.87 (−9.09, 14.85) |
Adapted from Cleland et al.45
a
Higher scores on VAS indicate greater pain; negative changes in scores indicate increased pain and positive changes in scores indicate decreased pain.
b
Values are within-group mean (95% confidence interval) differences over time.
c
Values are mean (95% confidence interval) differences in within-group changes between groups at each outcome measurement.
*
P < 0.05.
VAS, visual analogue scale; CI, confidence interval; hr, hours, d, days