Table 1.
Study Characteristics
| First Author (Ref. #) | Acronym | Year | n | Mean Age (yrs) | Sex (% Males) | Follow-Up (months) | PVI Arm Analyzed | Non-PVI Arm | Primary Endpoint | Endpoint Used for Analysis | %PsAF | Mean LA Diameter (mm) | Mean LVEF (%) | Hypertension (%) | Absence of AADs Mandated | Means of Detecting Recurrence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chen et al. (11) | NA | 2011 | 118 | 56.1 | 66.5 | 22.6 ± 6.4 | PVI | CFAE | Freedom from AF/AT∗ | Freedom from AF/AT | 0 | 34.7 | 65.5 | 23 | Yes | ECG and 24-h Holter 3 days and 1, 3, 6 and 12 months post-procedure. Additional testing if symptomatic |
| Di Biase et al. (23) | NA | 2009 | 68 | 58.4 | 82.3 | 13.7 ± 2.2 | PVI+CFAE | CFAE | Freedom from AF/AT | Freedom from AF/AT | 0 | 46.2 | 55 | 35.7 | No | Event recorder for 5 months with minimum 4 times per week recording. 48-h Holter at 3,6, 9, 12 and 15 months postprocedure |
| Katritsis et al. (24) | NA | 2013 | 164 | 56 | 66 | 24 | PVI+GP | GP | Freedom from AF/AT | Freedom from AF/AT | 0 | 48.3 | 62.6 | 76.3 | No | Monthly Holter for 2 yrs, transtelephonic transmission when symptomatic. 50% of patients also received an ILR. |
| Mamchur et al. (25) | NA | 2014 | 79 | 56.6 | 60 | 16 | PVI | GP | Freedom from AF | Freedom from AF∗ | 100 | 46.2 | 45.9 | Not reported | No | 24-h Holter, frequency not specified. |
| Atienza et al. (10) | RADAR-AF | 2014 | 113 | 53.5 | 78.6 | 12 | PVI | HFSA | Freedom from AF | Freedom from AF/AT | 0 | 40 | 60 | 36.3 | Yes | ECG and 48-h Holter at 3, 6, and 12 months post-procedure. |
| Verma et al. (26) | STAR AF | 2010 | 68 | 57 | 74.3 | 12 | PVI+CFAE | CFAE | Freedom from AF | Freedom from AF/AT/AFL | 35.7 | 41.6 | 61.7 | 44.9 | No | ECG and 48-h Holter at 3, 6, and 12 months post-procedure. External loop recorder and/or transtelephonic monitors used to confirm rhythm when symptomatic outside of follow-up visits. |
AAD = antiarrhythmic drugs; AF = atrial fibrillation; AFL = atrial flutter; AT = atrial tachycardia; CFAE = complex fractionated atrial electrogram; ECG = electrocardiography; FIRM = focal impulse and rotor modulation; GP = ganglionated plexi; HFSA = high-frequency source ablation; ILR = implantable loop recorder; LA = left atrium; LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction; NA = not applicable; PsAF = persistent AF; PVI = pulmonary vein isolation; RADAR-AF = Radiofrequency Ablation of Drivers of Atrial Fibrillation; STAR-AF = Substrate Versus Trigger Ablation for Reduction of Atrial Fibrillation Trial.
∗
Freedom from AF/AT was not reported.