Table 2.

Independent predictors of risk factors of PCa by Cox regression analysis

	Crude HR	95% CI		p-value	Adjusted HR	95% CI		p-value
Lower	Upper	Lower	Upper
Non-COPD	1.				1.
COPD	1.082	0.938	1.248	0.279	1.103	0.955	1.273	0.1817
COPD with complications	3.37	3.243	4.653	<0.0001**	2.463	1.960	3.615	<0.0001**
Age group
40–49	1				1.
50–59	1.072	1.160	2.133	<0.0001**	1.761	1.042	1.980	<0.0001**
60–69	2.195	1.259	2.534	<0.0001**	2.006	1.285	3.271	<0.0001**
>70	3.413	1.848	4.511	<0.0001**	3.473	1.717	4.522	<0.0001**
Comorbidity
Alcohol abuse	0.161	0.023	1.141	0.068	0.268	0.038	1.911	0.1890
Tobacco use disorder	1.965	1.386	2.786	<0.0001**	2.300	1.613	3.278	<0.0001**
Obesity	1.307	0.421	4.061	0.643	2.022	0.648	6.310	0.2254
Diabetes	1.151	0.965	1.374	0.117	0.965	0.802	1.161	0.7068
Hypertension	1.540	1.334	1.779	<0.0001**	1.195	1.025	1.393	0.023*
Hyperlipidemia	1.080	0.904	1.289	0.399	1.198	0.992	1.448	0.0609
Liver disease	1.037	0.855	1.259	0.711	1.047	0.854	1.284	0.6565
Chronic kidney disease	1.091	0.753	1.583	0.644	0.952	0.655	1.383	0.7950
Coronary heart disease	1.216	1.038	1.425	0.016*	1.142	0.968	1.347	0.1153
Cerebral vascular accident	1.082	0.879	1.333	0.457	0.824	0.666	1.019	0.0734

Notes: *p<0.05 ; **p<0.01.

Abbreviation: PCa, prostate cancer.