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. 2019 Aug 7;13:361. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00361

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Copyright © 2019 Guo, Wang, Ma, Cui, Yu, Liu, Xue, Zhu, Cao, Li, Tang and Chen.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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USH2A mutation iPSCs generated retinal organoids have aberrant basement membrane and tight junctions. (A) Brightfield images of developing retinal organoids at day 18 and 26. (B–D) Immunostaining of retinal organoids showing the expression of Laminin and ZO-1 at day 18, 26, and 86. (E,F) qPCR analysis reveals mRNA levels of basement membrane and tight junction regulators, COL4A6, LAMb1, TNC, CLDN4, CLDN19, and TJP1 (GAPDH gene as a control). (G,H) Basement membrane and tight junction interactions associated DEGs at day 34 were picked and normalized by Z-scores. Red represents upregulated expression, blue represents downregulated expression, Bar is represents Z-score. (n = 5 independent experiments; each experiment need 4–6 organoids; scale bar = 200 μm).