. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Aug 26.

Published in final edited form as: Int J Probiotics Prebiotics. 2016;11(3-4):99–116.

TABLE 2.

Genes responsible for IBDs.

Gene	Function
Crohn’s Disease
CARD	NFκB activation and/or regulation, killing of intracellular pathogens, Paneth-cell function,(α-defensin production) (Hugot et al., 2001; Ogura et al., 2001)
SLC22A4 and SLC22A5	Organic cation, carnitine transporters, possibly transport xenobiotic substances (Peltikova et al., 2004; Torok et al., 2005)
DLG5	Epithelial scaffolding protein
PPARG	Intracellular inhibitor of NFκB and cellular activation (Sugawara et al., 2008)
Ulcerative colitis
MDR1	Efflux transporter for drugs and, possibly, xenobiotic compounds (Panwala, 1998; Maroo and Farrell, 2006)