Table 3.

Use of Flavored E-Cigarettes for Smoking Reduction and Cessation among Adult Smokers

Citation	Population	Study Design	Major Findings
Barbeau et al. (2013)	11 vapers Age 18–64	Focus group	Flavorings were related to smoking reduction and cessation
Buu et al. (2018)	2,727 smokers Age 18+	Prospective Survey National Study (PATH)	Use of flavored e-cigarettes was associated with lower daily quantity of cigarette smoking at 1-year follow-up (B = −2.89; p < 0.05)
Chen et al. (2018)	4,645 young adult smokers (age 18–34)	Prospective Survey National Study (PATH)	Use of flavored e-cigarettes (aOR [95% CI] = 2.5 [1.6, 3.8]; p < 0.001) and use of multiple flavorings (aOR [95% CI] = 3.0 [2.1, 4.3]; p < 0.001) were associated with smoking reduction or cessation, compared to no e-cigarette use.
Cheney et al. (2016)	30 young adult vapers Age M (SD) = 25 (3.8) 77% current smokers	In-Person Interviews	Former smokers cited flavorings as a primary reason for e-cigarette use
Etter (2016)	2,807 vapers Age Median (IQR) = 41 (31–50) 80% former smokers	Online Survey	80% of participants stated that flavors helped them quit or reduce cigarette smoking Former smokers expressed a preference for fruit or menthol flavors and cited flavored e-cigarettes as helpful in reducing and quitting smoking
Farsalinos et al. (2013)	4,618 adult vapers Age Median (IQR) = 40 (32–49) 91.2% former smokers 48.5% US residents	Online Survey	68.9% reduced availability of flavored e-cigarettes would make vaping less enjoyable Flavored e-cigarettes “very important” for reducing or quitting smoking 39.7% the reduced availability of flavored e-cigarettes would make reducing or quitting smoking less likely Former smokers noted that restricting the availability of flavorings could make smoking cessation and reduction more difficult
Litt et al. (2016)	88 smokers Age 18–55	Laboratory Study Smoking reduction trial	Menthol-flavored e-cigarettes resulted in the greatest decrease in cigarette consumption (p < 0.05) Participants vaped tobacco-flavored e-cigarettes most frequently (p < 0.001)
Russell et al. (2018)	20,676 adult frequent e-cigarette users Age M (SD) = 42.5 (11.6) 15.2% ≤ 25 years of age	Cross-sectional online survey	Switchers, dual users, and former smoker (vs. never-smokers) were significantly less likely to initiate e-cigarette use with sweet-flavored e-cigarettes (ORs = 0.41 – 0.58; ps < 0.001) and to currently use sweet flavors (ORs = 0.64 – 0.70; ps < 0.001)
Tackett et al. (2015)	215 vapers M age (SD) = 36.23 (12.97)	Cross-Sectional Survey Midwest	Vapers who used sweet-flavored e-cigarettes were more likely to have quit smoking (OR [95% CI] = 2.4 [1.07, 5.53]; p = 0.035)

Note. Citations are presented in alphabetical order. OR = Odds ratio. aOR = Adjusted odds ratio. Vaper = E-cigarette user. Adults ≥ 18 years of age.