Table 2.
Cox proportional hazard models of midlife stressors and dementia
|
N |
Overall 9,605 |
Whites 7,294 |
Blacks 2,311 |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 HR (95% CI) |
Model 2 HR (95% CI) |
Model 1 HR (95% CI) |
Model 2 HR (95% CI) |
Model 1 HR (95% CI) |
Model 2 HR (95% CI) |
|||
| # of stressors | ||||||||
| ≥1 stressor (binary) | 1.17 (1.07, 1.27) | 1.15 (1.06, 1.26) | 1.14 (1.03, 1.26) | 1.12 (1.01, 1.24) | 1.24 (1.06, 1.44) | 1.23 (1.05, 1.43) | ||
| 0 stressor | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||
| 1 stressor | 1.17 (1.06, 1.29) | 1.17 (1.06, 1.28) | 1.15 (1.03, 1.29) | 1.14 (1.02, 1.28) | 1.21 (1.01, 1.44) | 1.21 (1.01, 1.44) | ||
| 2 stressors | 1.15 (0.98, 1.34) | 1.12 (0.96, 1.31) | 1.07 (0.88, 1.28) | 1.04 (0.86, 1.26) | 1.38 (1.03, 1.84) | 1.34 (1.01, 1.79) | ||
| 3 stressors | 1.23 (0.93, 1.63) | 1.20 (0.90, 1.59) | 1.32 (0.93, 1.86) | 1.27 (0.90, 1.79) | 1.13 (0.69, 1.83) | 1.14 (0.70, 1.85) | ||
| ≥4 stressors | 1.12 (0.73, 1.72) | 1.10 (0.71, 1.69) | 1.04 (0.62, 1.76) | 0.95 (0.54, 1.68) | 1.32 (0.63, 2.79) | 1.14 (0.54, 2.43) | ||
| Type of Stressor | ||||||||
| Marital problems* | 0.94 (0.80, 1.09) | 0.92 (0.79, 1.07) | 0.92 (0.76, 1.11) | 0.90 (0.74, 1.09) | 0.99 (0.76, 1.29) | 0.98 (0.75, 1.27) | ||
| Family problems | 1.11 (0.96, 1.29) | 1.11 (0.96, 1.29) | 1.05 (0.88, 1.24) | 1.04 (0.88, 1.23) | 1.32 (1.00, 1.75) | 1.27 (0.96, 1.68) | ||
| Drug problems | 1.15 (0.55, 2.42) | 1.12 (0.53, 2.35) | 1.19 (0.49, 2.86) | 1.14 (0.47, 2.74) | 1.07 (0.27, 4.30) | 1.03 (0.26, 4.17) | ||
| Employment problems | 1.27 (1.09, 1.47) | 1.27 (1.10, 1.48) | 1.18 (0.99, 1.40) | 1.18 (0.99, 1.40) | 1.54 (1.17, 2.02) | 1.55 (1.18, 2.04) | ||
| Financial problems | 1.20 (1.04, 1.38) | 1.16 (1.00, 1.33) | 1.20 (1.01, 1.44) | 1.14 (0.96, 1.37) | 1.19 (0.95, 1.50) | 1.16 (0.92, 1.47) | ||
| Other problems | 1.19 (1.05, 1.34) | 1.18 (1.04, 1.33) | 1.21 (1.05, 1.39) | 1.20 (1.04, 1.38) | 1.15 (0.92, 1.44) | 1.15 (0.91, 1.44) | ||
| Interpersonal problems | 1.03 (0.92, 1.15) | 1.02 (0.91, 1.14) | 0.99 (0.86, 1.14) | 0.98 (0.85, 1.12) | 1.12 (0.91, 1.38) | 1.10 (0.89, 1.35) | ||
| Resource problems | 1.24 (1.11, 1.39) | 1.22 (1.09, 1.37) | 1.19 (1.03, 1.36) | 1.15 (1.00, 1.33) | 1.36 (1.12, 1.65) | 1.35 (1.11, 1.64) | ||
Notes: Model 1 adjusts for demographics (age (as time scale), sex, race, and education); Model 2 adjusts for demographics, midlife health indicators (body mass index, smoking status, hypertension), and late-life health indicators (stroke, diabetes, and heart failure); Interpersonal problems encompass martial or familial problems; Resource problem encompass employment or financial problems;
*
Among individuals who are married, separated, or divorced