Table 2.

Clinical findings on admission, complications, microbiology results, and treatment details of each patient diagnosed with skull base osteomyelitis

Patient #	Clinical findings on admission	Complications	Culture	Combined parenteral antibiotic therapy	Performed surgery
1	Otalgia, severe headache, polyp in EAC, swollen EAC, TM perforation, otorrhea	Facial nerve paresis meningitis, sepsis	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	Ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, clindamycin	Removal of the polyp from the external auditory canal, decompression of the facial nerve, antromastoidectomy, tympanoplasty
2	Severe headache, otorrhea, TM perforation	Facial nerve paresis	Pseudomonas, Aspergillus flavus	Vancomycin, itraconazole, ciprofloxacin	Radical mastoidectomy
3	Severe otalgia	–	Negative	Ciprofloxacin	–
4	Headache, hoarseness, vocal fold palsy, soft palate paresis, otalgia	Vagal nerve and glossopharyngeal nerve paresis	Negative	Ceftriaxone, metronidazole	Parapharyngeal space drainage
5	Swollen mastoid	–	Negative	clindamycin, amoxicillin and clavulanate acid	–
6	Otalgia, swollen EAC, swollen mastoid, TM perforation, otorrhea	–	Negative	Amoxicillin and clavulanate acid, metronidazole	Antromastoidectomy, tympanoplasty
7	Otalgia, reddened TM, swollen mastoid	–	Negative	Ciprofloxacin	–

EAC external auditory canal, TM tympanic membrane