Fig. 1.

Illustration of the hierarchical self-assembly for 1D OHSs. a Schematic illustrations: the primary self-assembly of halogen-bonded DPEpe-F₄DIB cocrystal and hydrogen-bonded DPEpe-BrFTA cocrystal; the hierarchical self-assembly of organic TNWs, DB-C/S-NWs, and organic C/S-NWs. b–f FM images of these as-prepared b halogen-bonded DPEpe-F₄DIB cocrystals, c hydrogen-bonded DPEpe-BrFTA cocrystals, d organic TNWs, e organic DB-C/S-NWs and f organic C/S-NWs excited with the UV band (λ = 330–380 nm) from a mercury lamp. Scale bars are all 20 μm. Inset of (e): the magnified image of a typical tip in DB-C/S-NWs, clearly showing the core-shell structure