Table 4.
Response Shift indicators in studies assessing QoL among cancer patients and methods used to assess Response Shift.
| References | Cancer type | Methods used to assess response shift | Global QoL | Physical functioning | Role functioning | Emotional functioning | Cognitive functioning | Sexual functioning | Social functioning | Fatigue | Pain | MH | Other sig. results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Andrykowski et al. (18) | Breast | Then-test | O | O | O | O | O | O | O | S (Average fatigue CT or RT: 0.35 SD Average fatigue CT + RT: 0.52 SD) | O | O | O |
| Anota et al. (19) | Breast | Then-test | S (at 3 months; −0.21) | S (at 6 months; 0.31) | S (at 3 and 6 months;−0.32, 0.30) | S (after hospitalization and 3 months; 0.21, 0.27) | NS | NS | S (at 3 and 6 months; −0.27, 0.22) | S (at 6 month; −0.43) | S (at 6 months; −0.23) | O | Nausea and vomiting- NS; Dyspnea—NS; Insomnia—S (at 3 and 6 months) −0.22, −0.18; Appetite loss—NS; Constipation—NS; Diarrhea—NS; Financial difficulties—NS; Body image—S (at 3 and 6 months) 0.48, 0.25; Future perspective—S (after hospitalization and 3 months) 0.24, 0.23; STSE—S (at 6 months) −0.24; Breast symptoms—S (at 6 months) −0.31; Arm symptoms—NS; Hair loss—NS |
| Bernhard et al. (20) | Colon | Then-test | NS—surgery | NS–surgery | O | O | O | O | O | O | O | O | S–subjective health |
| Brinksma et al. (21) | Hematologic; brain tumor; solid tumor | Then-test | S–for children (−0.74) and parents (−0.3) | NS | O | NS | NS | O | NS | O | O | O | O |
| Broberger et al. (22) | Lung | Then-test | S (3 months, 0.40; 6 months, 0.70) | S (3 months, 0.23) | O | O | O | O | O | S (3 months, 0.29) | O | O | O |
| Dabakuyo et al. (23) | Breast | Then-test, Ideal scale, Successive comparison scale | S | O | O | S | S | O | O | S | O | O | Insomnia—S, Appetite loss—NS, Diarrhea—NS, Future Perspectives—NS, Systemic therapy side effects—S |
| Echteld et al. (24) | Lung; colorectal: urogenital; breast; melanoma; sarcoma; other | Pre-test, post-test | S (0.60) | O | O | O | O | O | O | S (0.20) | S (0.66) | O | O |
| Gerlich et al. (25) | Prostate | Then-test | O | S (−0.44) | S (−0.47) | S (0.17) | S (−0.13) | O | S (−0.35) | O | O | O | O |
| Hagedoorn et al. (26) | Breast; gastrointestinal tumors; lymphomas; Genitourinary; lung; gynecological | Pre-test, post-test | S | S | O | S | O | O | O | O | O | O | O |
| Hamidou et al. (27) | Breast | Then-test | NS | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | O | Nausea—S, Dyspnea—S, Insomnia–S, Appetite Loss—S, Diarrhea–NS, Body Image–S, Future Perspectives–NS, Systemic Therapy Side Effects—S, Breast Symptoms–S, Arm Symptoms–S |
| Hinz et al. (28) | Prostate; kidney; bladder; testicles; penis; renal pelvis | Then-test | O | O | O | O | O | O | O | O | O | S (anxiety, 0.26; depression 0.30) | Distress–NS, Health dissatisfaction—S |
| Hinz (29) | Breast | Vignettes | Vignette A: S | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS |
| Ito et al. (30) | Rectal | Then-test | NS | NS | NS | NS | O | NS | NS | NS | S | NS | O |
| Jakola et al. (31) | Glioma | Then-test | NS | O | O | O | O | O | O | O | O | O | O |
| Jansen et al. (32) | Breast | Then-test | S | S | O | O | O | O | O | S | O | O | Psychological well-being–NS |
| Jorngarden et al. (33) | CNS tumor; Ewing sarcoma; leukemia; lymphoma; osteosarcoma; other | Pre-test, post-test | O | O | O | O | O | O | O | O | O | S (Anxiety, depression, and mental health) | Vitality—S |
| King-Kallimanis et al. (34) | Lung; pancreas; esophageal; cervical | Pre-test, post-test with SEM models | S | NS | NS | NS | O | O | O | O | S | NS | Vitality- NS |
| Korfage et al. (35) | Prostate | Then-test, vignettes | S (7 month follow up, −0.43) | Urinary Leakage—S (1 month follow up, −0.32), Bowel Cramps—S (1 month follow up, −0.41; 7 month follow up, −0.39) | O | O | O | Erectile Dysfunction—S (1 month follow up, −0.57; 7 month follow up, −0.47) | O | O | O | S (7 month follow up, 0.17) | Vitality—S (1 month follow up, −0.28; 7 month follow up, −0.26), |
| Kvam et al. (14) | Multiple myeloma | Then-test | S (0.11) | S (−0.07) | O | O | O | O | O | S (0.25) | S (0.16) | O | O |
| Oort et al. (36) | Lung; pancreas; esophageal; cervical | Pre-test, post-test | S (0.14) | NS | S (0.27) | NS | O | O | S (−0.11) | O | S (0.30) | S | Vitality—S (0.00) |
| Ousmen et al. (37) | Breast | Then-test Anchor-base | 3 months—S (0.20), 6 months–NS | 3 months–NS, 6 months—S (−0.32) | 3 months—S (0.32), 6 months—S (0–0.29) | 3 months—S (−0.29), 6 months—NS | 3 months—S (−0.19), 6 months—S (−0.15) | 3 months—NS, 6 months—NS | 3 months—S (0.28), 6 months—S (−0.23) | 3 months—NS, 6 months—S (0.41) | 3 months—NS, 6 months—S (0.23) | O | Nausea and vomiting—NS, Dyspnea—NS, Financial */difficulties–NS, Insomnia—S 3 months, 0.22 0, Appetite Loss—S (6 months, 0.19), Constipation—S (6 months, 0.16), Diarrhea—NS, Body image—S (0.37, −0.23), Sexual enjoyment—NS, Future perspectives: 3 months—S (−0.27), 6 months—NS, Systemic therapy side effects—NS, Breast |
| symptoms—NS, Arm symptoms: 3 months—NS, 6 months—S (0.21) | |||||||||||||
| Rees et al. (38) | Prostate | Then-test and pre-test, post-test | O | O | O | O | O | O | O | O | O | O | Urinary Function—S |
| Salmon et al. (39) | Breast | SEM modeling | O | O | O | O | O | O | O | Mental fatigue: S (0.27) Physical fatigue: S (0.41) | O | O | Activity reduction: S (0.59) Motivation reduction: S (0.43) |
| Sharpe et al. (13) | Multiple, but primarily lung and colorectal | Pre-test, post-test | S | O | O | O | O | O | O | O | O | O | O |
| Sharpley and Christie (13) | Breast | Then-test | O | O | O | O | O | O | O | O | O | S (anxiety, 0.25; depression 0.13) | O |
| Sprangers et al. (17) | Breas; lung; prostate; Hodgkin | Then-test | O | O | O | O | NS | O | O | S (0.94) | O | O | O |
| Tessier et al. (41) | Breast | Pre-test, post-test | O | NS | NS | NS | NS | O | S | O | O | O | NS—Life satisfaction |
| Traa et al. (42) | Colorectal | Pre-test, post-test | O | S | O | O | O | O | S | O | O | S | Environment—S |
| Verdam et al. (43) | Breast; prostate; lung; other | Pre-test, post-test | O | S | O | O | O | O | NS | –RS—NS | S | –RS—NS | Listlessness—NS; Sickness—S; Treatment related illness—NS |
| Verdam et al. (44) | Breast; colorectal; lung; other | Pre-test, post-test | S (−0.19) | NS | NS | NS | O | O | S (-0.05) | O | NS | S (0.08) | Vitality—S (−0.34), Health Comparison—S |
| Visser et al. (45) | Head and neck; gastrointestinal; gynecological; lung; breast; genitourinary tract; hematological malignancies; other | Then-test | O | O | O | O | O | O | O | S | O | O | O |
| Visser et al. (46) | Lung; periampullary; esophageal; cervical | Then-test, anchor recalibration | S (−0.15) | S (−0.58) | S (−0.53) | S (0.27) | O | O | NS | S (0.34) | S (−0.49) | S (0.39) | Vitality—S (−0.31) |
| Visser et al. (4) | Lung; periampullary; esophageal; cervical | Then-test | O | O | O | O | O | O | O | O | S | O | O |
| von Blackenburg et al. (47) | Breast; lung; urologic; digestive system; gynecologic; other | Pre-, post-test | NS | NS | O | O | O | O | O | O | O | S | S—life goals |
| Westerman et al. (48) | Lung | Pre-test, post-test | O | O | O | O | O | O | O | S | O | O | O |
Effect sizes in parentheses when provided by authors; direction of the response shift effect is indicated by a negative (underestimation) or a positive (overestimation) sign.
MH, mental health; NS, not a statistically significant contributor; O, not assessed/considered in the model; QoL, quality of life; RS, response shift; S, statistically significant contributor; Sig, significant; Tx, treatment.