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. 2019 Aug 20;10:1835. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01835

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Copyright © 2019 Torres-Cerna, Morales and Hernandez-Vargas.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The three key elements involved in the E. coli QS mechanism. Bacteria produce and release AI-2 (μ_A) and internalize them through the PTS (μ_XA). Once the lsr operon is active by the PTS (μ_L), the LsrACDB proteins internalize the AI-2 (μ_LA), and the AI-2 positively regulates the lsrACDB genes expression (μ_AL). The LsrR protein coded in the lsr operon represses the operon expression (μ_R).