TABLE 1.1.

Results for attention to the face from eye-tracking studies exploring joint attention in young children with ASD or at-risk for ASD.

Paying attention to faces
Article	Participants	Measure	ASD vs. others1	Additional information2
Chawarska et al., 2013	High-risk∗∗, LR 6 mo.	F/Scene	Less	Conditions include dyadic bids and gaze shifts
		E/Scene	Same
Jones and Klin, 2013	High-risk∗∗, LR			During dyadic bids
	2 mo. to 6 mo.	E/Scene	More
	6 mo. to 24 mo.	E/Scene	Less
Nyström et al., 2017	High-risk∗, LR			LIVE interaction (not screen-based)
	10 mo.	F/Scene	Less	200–700 ms after mutual gaze
		F/Scene	Same	Across the whole session
Thorup et al., 2016, 2018	High-risk∗, LR			LIVE interaction (not screen-based)
	10 mo.	F/Scene	Same	No difference in the time to engage the actor
This study	High-risk∗∗, LR 15 mo.	F/Scene	Same	During gaze shifts
Chawarska et al., 2012	ASD, TD 13–25 mo.	F/Scene	Less	During dyadic bids
		F/Scene	Same	During gaze shifts
Billeci et al., 2016	ASD, TD 18–30 mo.	F/Scene	Same	During gaze shifts
		F/Scene	More	When toddler initiates joint attention
Jones et al., 2008	ASD, TD 24–27 mo.	E/Scene	Less	During dyadic bids
Vivanti et al., 2017	ASD, TD 48 mo.	F (not scaled)	Less	During gaze shifts

Studies were chosen where attention had to be distributed between faces and other objects in the scene/background. Studies are organized by participant age (youngest to oldest) to highlight any developmental progression. E, eye area; F, whole face area. ^∗High familial risk studies without diagnostic outcome comparing LR with HR; ^∗∗High risk studies with analysis by outcome. TD, typically developing; ASD, diagnosed. ¹‘Less’ indicates ASD or high familial risk participants had lower values than typically developing/low familial risk participants, ‘more’ indicates ASD or high familial risk participants had greater values. ²This column contains additional relevant information regarding experimental conditions.