Table 2.
Summary of reported inactivation patterns at room temperature or at higher temperature for each Kv channel, with references (detailed references are listed in supplementary document).
| IC | RT (18–28°C) | High T° (30–39°C) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kv1.1 | Non-inactivating (18–22°C, 24–28°C) | Mourre et al., 1999; Hatton et al., 2001; Sankaranarayanan et al., 2005; Al-Sabi et al., 2013; D'Adamo et al., 2014; García-Fernández et al., 2016; Mestre et al., 2016 | No data |
| Slow inactivating/inactivating (19–22°C) | Stühmer et al., 1989; Bertoli et al., 1994; Elinder et al., 1996; Gòmez-Hernandez et al., 1997 | ||
| Fast inactivating when co-expressed with Kvβ1.1 or with Kvβ3 (RT, 17–18°C) | Heinemann et al., 1996; Bähring et al., 2004 | ||
| Kv1.2 | Non-inactivating (RT, 20°C) | Heinemann et al., 1996; Sprunger et al., 1996; Mourre et al., 1999; Akhtar et al., 2002; Ferber et al., 2004 | Activation and Inactivation time constants decrease with increase in temperature (23 vs. 32°C; Russell et al., 1994 |
| Slow inactivating (RT) | Po et al., 1993; Xie et al., 2010; Lee et al., 2011; Syrbe et al., 2015 | ||
| Variable (22–23°C) | Rezazadeh et al., 2007 | ||
| Fast inactivating when co-expressed with Kvβ1.1 or with Kvβ3 (RT, 17–18°C) | Heinemann et al., 1996; Bähring et al., 2004 | ||
| Kv1.3 | Slow inactivating (RT) | Mourre et al., 1999; Rangaraju et al., 2010; Lee et al., 2011; Zhu et al., 2011; Kinoshita et al., 2012 | No data |
| Fast Inactivating (20–24°C) | Nicolaou et al., 2007; Hou et al., 2014; Yan et al., 2015 | ||
| Become non-inactivating at higher expression (UKN) | Honoré et al., 1992 | ||
| Kv1.4 | Fast inactivating (20–25°C) | Bertoli et al., 1994; Akhtar et al., 1999; Sankaranarayanan et al., 2005; Xie et al., 2014; Chen et al., 2016 | No data |
| Kv1.5 | Non-inactivating (20–24°C) | Po et al., 1993; Wible et al., 1998; Kuryshev et al., 2001; Remillard et al., 2007; Tipparaju et al., 2012; Wang et al., 2016 | Inactivation time constant decreases with increase in temperature. Wettwer and Terlau, 2014 (24 vs. 37°C), Rich and Snyders, 1998; 22 vs. 34°C). |
| Slow inactivating (22–24°C) | Yang et al., 1997; Jeong et al., 2012; Lee et al., 2016; Wang et al., 2016 | ||
| Fast inactivating when co-expressed with Kvβ1.1, Kvβ3 or Kvβ1.3 (RT, 17–18°C) | Heinemann et al., 1996; Bähring et al., 2004; Tipparaju et al., 2012 | ||
| Kv1.6 | Non-inactivating (18–22°C) | Roeper et al., 1998; Ferber et al., 2004; Aguilar et al., 2010; Rangaraju et al., 2010; Zhu et al., 2011; García-Fernández et al., 2016 | Channel inactivates near physiological temperature (35°C; Guihard et al., 2003 |
| Slow inactivating (UKN) | Bertoli et al., 1994; Guihard et al., 2003 | ||
| Inactivating when co-expressed with Kvβ3 (RT) | Bähring et al., 2004 | ||
| Kv1.7 | Slow or fast inactivating depending on the isoform or species (20–22°C) | Kalman et al., 1998; Bardien-Kruger et al., 2002; Finol-Urdaneta et al., 2006 | No data |
| Kv1.8 | Non-inactivating (UKN) | Lang et al., 2000; Tian et al., 2002 | No data |
| Kv2.1 | Non-inactivating (20–26°C) | Wible et al., 1997; Blaine and Ribera, 1998; Malin and Nerbonne, 2002; Kihira et al., 2010 | Activation and Inactivation time constant decrease with increase in temperature (32–35°C) MacDonald et al., 2003; Zhong et al., 2010; Yang and Zheng, 2014 |
| Slow inactivating (20-22 °C) | Kerschensteiner et al., 2003, 2005; Aréchiga-Figueroa et al., 2015 | ||
| Kv2.2 | Non-inactivating (22–26°C) | Blaine and Ribera, 1998; Malin and Nerbonne, 2002; Kihira et al., 2010; Dong et al., 2013 | No data |
| Kv3.1 | Slow inactivating (22–23°C) | Diochot et al., 1998; Sung et al., 2009 | Inactivation time constant decreases with increase in temperature (27, 36, 39°C) Oliver et al., 2017 |
| Non-inactivating (RT) | Weiser et al., 1994; Moreno et al., 1995; Rudy et al., 1999 | ||
| Non-inactivating with sharp inactivation peak at start (RT, 22–25°C) | Kanemasa et al., 1995; Macica et al., 2003; Lewis et al., 2004; Kanda et al., 2011; Brown et al., 2016 | ||
| Kv3.2 | Non-inactivating (RT, 21–23°C) | Weiser et al., 1994; Moreno et al., 1995; Hernández-Pineda et al., 1999; Rudy et al., 1999 | No data |
| Non-inactivating with sharp inactivation peak at start (RT) | Lewis et al., 2004 | ||
| Kv3.3 | Non-inactivating (UKN) | Rudy et al., 1999 | No data |
| Non-inactivating with sharp inactivation peak at start (RT) | Rashid et al., 2001 | ||
| Slow inactivating (RT) | Kanda et al., 2011; Zhang et al., 2016 | ||
| Fast inactivating (20–22°C) | Weiser et al., 1994; Diochot et al., 1998; Mock et al., 2010 | ||
| Non-or slow inactivating depending on the cell line (UKN) | Fernandez et al., 2003 | ||
| Kv3.4 | Fast inactivating (20–24°C) | Weiser et al., 1994; Elinder et al., 1996; Diochot et al., 1998; Rudy et al., 1999; Baranauskas et al., 2003; Yeung et al., 2005; Kanda et al., 2011 | No data |
| Kv4.1 | Fast inactivating outward A-type current (20–23°C) | Jerng et al., 1999; Beck et al., 2002; Yunoki et al., 2014 | No data |
| Kv4.2 | Fast inactivating outward A-type current (RT, 20–23°C) | Pérez-García et al., 1999; Jerng et al., 2004; Yunoki et al., 2014; Abbott, 2016 | No data |
| Low current (RT) | Zhou et al., 2004 | ||
| Kv4.3 | Fast inactivating outward A-type current (20–24°C) | Beck et al., 2002; Jeong et al., 2011; Yunoki et al., 2014 | Activation and Inactivation rates increase with increase in temperature (23–39°C) Yang and Zheng, 2014 |
| Kv7.1 | Non-inactivating (22–24°C) | Gamper et al., 2003; Zaika et al., 2008; Oliveras et al., 2014 | Increasing the temperature decreases the half-activation time (20 vs. 37°C) Unsöld et al., 2000 |
| Non-inactivating with inactivation peak at start (RT) | Tinel et al., 2000; Yang et al., 2004 | ||
| Kv7.2 | Non-inactivating (UKN) | Gamper et al., 2003; Li et al., 2004; Peretz et al., 2010; Orhan et al., 2014 | No data |
| Silent or low current becomes more active as heteromers with Kv7.3 (RT, 25°C) | Wang et al., 1998; Jentsch, 2000; Nakajo and Kubo, 2008; Zaika et al., 2008; Choveau et al., 2012a | ||
| Active or silent depending on the isoform (20–22°C) | Smith et al., 2001 | ||
| Kv7.3 | Non-inactivating (RT) | Gamper et al., 2003; Zaika et al., 2008; Choveau et al., 2012a | No data |
| Silent or low current; becomes more active as heteromers with Kv7.2 (RT) | Wang et al., 1998; Jentsch, 2000; Miceli et al., 2009; Choveau et al., 2012a | ||
| Kv7.4 | Non-inactivating | Schrøder et al., 2001; Li et al., 2004; Choveau et al., 2012b; Blom et al., 2014 | No data |
| Kv7.5 | Non-inactivating, low current (RT, 22–25°C) | Gamper et al., 2003; Li et al., 2004; Bentzen et al., 2006; Blom et al., 2009 | No data |
| More active as heteromers with Kv7.3 (RT) | Gilling et al., 2013; Kim et al., 2016 | ||
| Kv10.1 | Non-inactivating (20–22°C) | Ju and Wray, 2002; Schönherr et al., 2002; Hsu et al., 2012; Chuang et al., 2014 | Activation time constant decreases with increase in temperature (25 vs. 30°C) Mortensen et al., 2015 |
| Kv10.2 | Non-inactivating (20–22°C) | Ju and Wray, 2002; Schönherr et al., 2002; Hsu et al., 2012; Yang et al., 2013; Chuang et al., 2014 | No data |
| Kv11 | This family requires special 2 pulse protocol for kinetic characterization | ||
| Kv12.1 | Non-inactivating (22–24°C) | Zou et al., 2003; Zhang et al., 2009; Kazmierczak et al., 2013 | No data |
| Kv12.2 | Low-current, non-inactivating with inactivation peak at start (21–25°C) | Trudeau et al., 1999; Clancy et al., 2009; Noma et al., 2009 | No data |
| Kv12.3 | Non-inactivating (25°C) | Miyake et al., 1999 | No data |
Temperature is indicated when known (RT, room temperature; UKN, unknown temperature).