TABLE 3.
Hemorheological parameters of a study population according to chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages.
|
CKD stage |
P-value | |||||
| Non-CKD | CKD 1 | CKD 2 | CKD 3 | CKD 4, 5 | ||
| n = 340 | n = 31 | n = 21 | n = 52 | n = 10 | ||
| Fibrinogen (mg/dL) | 270.63 (56.57) | 307.19a (83.35) | 315.76b (86.86) | 311.27c (67.82) | 357.80d (77.52) | <0.001 |
| ESR (mm/h) | 14.36 (12.52) | 25.29(22.21)a | 27.19b(22.99) | 31.67c(20.55) | 51.80d,e,f,g(23.20) | <0.001 |
| EI | 0.3218 (0.0180) | 0.3227 (0.0122) | 0.3144 (0.0253) | 0.3159 (0.0160) | 0.3139 (0.0136) | 0.048 |
| Critical shear stress (Pa) | 262.79 (131.24) | 318.96 (151.73) | 318.10 (194.15) | 298.90 (158.84) | 329.70 (83.81) | 0.028 |
| Fibrinogen/CSS | 789.07 (460.60) | 999.56 (526.91) | 1037.17 (736.81) | 953.36 (535.05) | 1055.12 (284.49) | 0.004 |
| Fibrinogen/EI | 807.13 (248.20) | 953.92a (268.55) | 957.31 (314.17) | 989.52c (230.00) | 1144.98d (270.62) | <0.001 |
| ESR/EI | 45.16 (41.15) | 78.12a (68.39) | 84.27b (66.36) | 100.44c(65.54) | 165.07d,e,f,g(73.59) | <0.001 |
| (Fibrinogen × ESR)/EI | 13434 (15805) | 26518a (30729) | 30997b (34407)b | 33872c (27345) | 61503d,e,f,g (34934) | <0.001 |
The P-value represents the analysis of variance P for the baseline measures among the groups. Data are presented as the mean (standard deviation). ap < 0.05 between the non-CKD group and CKD group 1. bp < 0.05 between the non-CKD group and CKD group 2. cp < 0.05 between the non-CKD and CKD group 3. dp < 0.05 between the non-CKD group and CKD groups 4,5. ep < 0.05 between CKD group 1 and CKD groups 4,5. fp < 0.05 between CKD group 2 and CKD groups 4,5. gp < 0.05 between CKD group 3 and CKD groups 4,5. CKD, chronic kidney disease; CSS, critical shear stress; EI, elongation index at 3 Pa; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (reproduced with permission from Lee et al., 2018).