Table 1.
Overview of prevalence studies of depression in AS patients
| Study ID | Country | Participants | Men, % | Age, mean±SD/median (range), years | Disease duration, mean±SD/median (range), years | Criteria for detection of depression (cutoff) | Prevalence, % | NOS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aissaoui 2012 | Morocco | 110 | 68.2 | 38.52±12.62 | 9 (0–40) | HADS (≥8) | 55.5 | 2 |
| Altan 2003 | NS | 63 | NS | NS | NS | HADS (≥8) | 33.3 | 1 |
| Anyfanti 2012 | Greece | 44 | 68.8 | NS | NS | Zung SDS (≥50) | 18.2 | 1 |
| Arisoy 2013 | Turkey | 9 | 88.9 | 39.4±10.1 | 10.6±7.6 | HADS (≥7) | 33 | 2 |
| Aydin 2016 | Turkey | 37 | 62.3 | 34.67±7.90 | 7.16±2.49 | HADS (≥8) | 48.5 | 3 |
| Baysal 2011 | Turkey | 243 | 86.4 | 34.65±10.36 | 6.02±6.60 | HADS (≥7) | 39.8 | 3 |
| Cakar 2007 | Turkey | 52 | 100 | 32.85±12.11 | 9.09±7.36 | 21 Item-BDI (≥14/25) | 50/13.5 | 2 |
| Cooksey 2015 | UK | 348 | 77.0 | 56.0±13.0 | 22.0±15.0 | HADS (≥11) | 7.5 | 4 |
| Demir 2013 | Turkey | 22 | 0 | 39.34±6.28 | 3.3±2.6 | 21 Item-BDI (≥14) | 45.5 | 2 |
| Dhakad 2015 | India | 100 | 100 | 34.42±9.78 | 4.84±0.06 | HADS (≥8) | 66 | 2 |
| Durmus 2015 | Turkey | 80 | 63.8 | 39.33±10.98 | 10.88±10.08 | 21 Item-BDI (>17) | 22.5 | 2 |
| Ertenli 2012 | Turkey | 16 | 81.2 | 36.4 ±10.3 | 12.8±9.5 | HADS (≥8) | 43.8 | 2 |
| Ersözlü-Bozkirli 2015 | Turkey | 29 | 79.3 | 34.4±10.3 | 4.1±6.2 | 21 Item-BDI (≥30) | 37.9 | 2 |
| Fallahi 2014 | Iran | 163 | 79.1 | 37.74±9.88 | 14.49±8.47 | Structured interview | 29.4 | 2 |
| Günaydin 2009 | Turkey | 62 | 83.9 | 39.6±10.3 | 10.3±7.9 | Zung SDS (≥50) | 27.4 | 2 |
| Hakkou 2011 | Morocco | 110 | 68.2 | 38.5±12.6 | 10.3±8.1 | HADS (≥8) | 55.5 | 2 |
| Healey 2009 | UK | 612 | 71.6 | 50.8±12.2 | 10.3±8.1 | HADS (≥8) | 32.4 | 5 |
| Hyphantis 2013 | Greece | 55 | 85.5 | 42.9±10.9 | 15.3±11.5 | PHQ-9 (≥5/10) | 40.7/14.8 | 2 |
| Jiang 2015 | China | 683 | 80.4 | 27.33±8.67 | 6.47±6.47 | Zung SDS (NS) | 64 | 4 |
| Li 2012 | China | 314 | 74.5 | 27.65±8.34 | 6.07±4.90 | Zung SDS (≥50) | 41.4 | 4 |
| Lian 2003 | China | 60 | 78.0 | 36.0±12.0 | >5 years (68%) | Zung SDS (≥41) | 43.3 | 2 |
| Martindale 2006 | UK | 89 | 83.1 | 50 (18–77) | 18 (12–29) | HADS (≥11) | 12.4 | 3 |
| Meesters 2014 | Sweden | 1,738 | 65 | 54.5±14.3 | NS | Structured interview, ICD-10 | 10 | 3 |
| Rodríguez-Lozano 2012 | Spain | 190 | 75 | 48.4±11.7 | 20.2±11 | HADS (≥11) | 11 | 2 |
| Rostom 2013 | Morocco | 110 | 100 | 38.5±12.6 | 9 (0–40) | HADS (≥8) | 55.5 | 3 |
| Schneeberger 2015 | Argentina | 64 | 89.1 | 44 (33–53) | 17 (10.3–25) | CES-D (≥16) | 39.1 | 2 |
| Shen 2016 | China | 2,331 | 64.9 | 36.50 (27.25–48.18) | NS | Structured interview, ICD-9 | 3.1 | 3 |
| Xu 2016 | China | 103 | 75.7 | 32.9±10.7 | NS | Zung SDS (≥53) | 36.9 | 2 |
NS: not stated, ID: identification, SD: standard deviation, AS: ankylosing spondylitis, HADS: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, SDS: Self-rating Depression Scale, BDI: Beck Depression Inventory, PHQ: Patient Health Questionnaire, ICD: International Classification of Diseases, CES-D: Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, NOS: Newcastle-Ottawa Scale