Table 2.

Overview of studies of depression in AS patients and control group

Study ID	Country	Study design	Participants	% of male in AS group	% of male in control group	Mean/median age (years) in AS group±SD (range)	Mean/median age (years) in control group±SD (range)	Mean disease duration of AS (years)±SD	Depression measures	NOS
Altan 2003	NS	Case control	63 AS and 60 control	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	HADS	1
Baysal 2011	Turkey	Cross-sectional	243 AS and 118 control	86.4	78.8	34.65±10.36	36.53±9.26	6.02±6.60	HADS	3
Demir 2013	Turkey	Case control	22 AS and 27 control	0	0	39.34±6.28	37.58±9.58	3.3±2.6	21 Item-BDI	2
Dhakad 2015	India	Case control	100 AS and 100 control	100	100	34.42±9.78	36.39±8.07	4.84±0.06	HADS	2
Dincer 2007	Turkey	Case control	68 AS and 45 control	100	100	32.9±11.0	30.1±6.24	NS	21 Item-BDI	1
Durmus 2015	Turkey	Case control	80 AS and 80 control	63.8	71.2	39.33±10.98	36.41±10.84	10.88±10.08	21 Item-BDI	2
Ortancil 2010	Turkey	Case control	29 AS and 20 control	69	60	42.0±9.7	38.2±12.5	9.4±7.7	SCL-90-R	2
Ozkorumak 2011	Turkey	Case control	43 AS and 43 control	100	100	36.25±8.76	36.53±6.54	7.51±7.22	21 Item-BDI	2
Schneeberger 2015	Argentina	Case control	64 AS and 95 control	89.1	89.5	44 (33–53)	40 (32–53)	17 (10.3–25)	CES-D	2
Shen 2016	China	Cohort	2,331 AS and 9324 control	64.9	64.9	36.50 (27.25–48.18)	36.50 (27.25–48.18)	NS	ICD-9	3
Xu 2016	China	Cross-sectional	103 AS and 121 control	75.7	60.3	32.9±10.7	37.0±12.5	NS	Zung SDS	2

NS: not stated, ID: identification, SD: standard deviation, AS: ankylosing spondylitis, HADS: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, BDI: Beck Depression Inventory, SCL-90-R: Symptoms Checklist-90-Revised, CES-D: Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, ICD: International Classification of Diseases, SDS: Self-rating Depression Scale, NOS: Newcastle-Ottawa Scale