Table 4.
Concentration of inflammatory cytokines in serum of participants with sleep disturbance administered RBS or placebo for 2 weeks.
| Parameter | Placebo (n = 21) |
RBS (n = 21) |
P valuea (Unadjusted) |
P valueb (Adjusted) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IL-1β (pg/mL) | At Baseline | 0.48 ± 1.16 | 0.45 ± 1.31 | 0.932 | |
| At 2 weeks | 0.49 ± 0.91 | 0.38 ± 0.52 | 0.630 | ||
| Difference | 0.03 ± 1.03 | −0.06 ± 1.16 | 0.783 | 0.672 | |
| TNF-α (pg/mL) | At Baseline | 1.48 ± 1.78 | 1.07 ± 0.71 | 0.327 | |
| At 2 weeks | 1.56 ± 1.76 | 1.01 ± 0.32 | 0.166 | ||
| Difference | 0.08 ± 2.26 | −0.06 ± 0.75 | 0.785 | 0.617 | |
Data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation.
aP values refer to independent t-tests, compared with the placebo group.
bP values refer to the analysis of covariance, adjusted for caffeine intake as a covariate.