TABLE 1.
Review of reported cases of transposition of the great arteries with aortopulmonary window
| No. | Author | Cardiac diagnosis | Date of surgery | Age at surgery | Diagnosis timing/GA at birth | Anomalies and clinical symptoms | Surgery | Post-operative outcomes/complications |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Tiraboschi et al. | TGA/VSD, double APW | 1988 | 7 mo | Postnatal/-- | - | Division/patch repair of APW, no ASO | Died due to PHTN crisis, severe pulmonary vascular disease at autopsy |
| 2 | Krishnan et al. | TGA/VSD, type I APW | 1991 | 3 mo | Postnatal at 3 mo/- | - | Senning atrial switch, VSD closure, APW repair | Died within 24 h due to LCOS and severe PHTN |
| 3 | Tirado et al. | TGA/VSD, type I APW | 1993 | 7 d | Postnatal at 7 d/- | CHF, murmur | APW direct suture, pulmonary artery band (off CPB) | Died on POD 22 due to PTHN |
| 4 | McElhinney et al. | TGA/IVS, ASD, type I APW | 1995 | 8 d | Postnatal/-- | - | ASO, APW repair | Massive post-operative bleeding, coagulopathy, died on POD 1 |
| 5 | Marangi et al. | TGA/IVS, PDA, type I APW | 1996 | 7 d | Postnatal/-- | Goldenhar syndrome, cyanosis | ASO, APW repair | Doing well at 12-mo follow-up |
| 6 | Backer et al. | TGA/IVS, type I APW, LSVC | 1996 | 3 y | Postnatal/-- | ASO, no Lecompte with 22 mm homograft RV-PA conduit, transaortic APW patch repair | Doing well at 1-y follow-up | |
| 7 | Duca et al. | TGA/IVS, PFO, type I APW | 2002 | 26 d | Postnatal/Term | Tachypnea, tachycardia, murmur | ASO, fenestrated (4 mm) PFO closure, APW repair | PHTN crisis on POD 2, post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus s/p VP shunt placement. Doing well at 9 mo follow-up, no neurologic deficits |
| 8 | Marwah et al. | TGA/IVS, ASD, restrictive APW | 2005 | Postnatal at 11 mo/- | Poor weight gain, cyanosis | ASO, transaortic APW patch repair | Survived post-operatively. No long-term follow-up data available | |
| 9 | Adluri et al. | TGA/IVS, type I APW | 2005 | 8 d | Postnata I/term | Cyanosis, PHTN | ASO, single coronary button modification, APW 2-patch repair | Open chest closed on POD 1, discharged home POD 8. Doing well at 6-mo follow-up |
| 10 | Najm et al. | Situs inversus, dextrocardia, TGA/IVS, PDA, PFO, bicuspid pulmonary valve, type I APW | 2008 | 32 d | Postnatal/term | Tachypnea, cyanosis | ASO, single coronary button modification and coronary to neo-aortic tunnel, PDA ligation, APW repair | Discharged home POD 9. Doing well at 1-y follow-up |
| 11 | Mishra et al. | TGA/IVS, type I APW | 2009 | 6 mo | - | ASO, transaortic APW patch repair | Died on POD 21 due to severe PHTN (present preoperative) and sepsis | |
| 12 | Reddy et al. | TGA, multiple VSDs, PDA, type I APW | 2010 | 5 mo | - | - | ASO, APW repair | Doing well at 18-mo follow-up |
| 13 | Mishra et al. | TGA/VSD, type I APW | 2011 | 28 d | - | - | ASO, VSD closure, transaortic APW patch repair | Severe PHTN preoperatively. Doing well on outpatient follow-up |
| 14 | Mishra et al. | TGA/VSD, type I APW | 2012 | 35 d | - | - | ASO, VSD closure, transaortic APW patch repair | Severe PHTN preoperatively. Doing well on outpatient follow-up |
| 15 | Mishra et al. | TGA/VSD, type I APW | 2012 | 40 d | - | - | ASO, VSD closure, transaortic APW patch repair | Severe PHTN preoperatively. Doing well on outpatient follow-up |
| 16 | Singh et al. | TGA/IVS, ASD, type I APW | 2013 | - | Postnatal at 26 d/Term | Tachypnea, cyanosis, murmur, hepato-megaly | ASO, transaortic APW patch repair | Discharged home POD 11. No long-term follow-up data available |
| 17 | Gopalan et al. | TGA/IVS, ASD, APW | 2014 | - | Postnatal at 3 mo/-- | Poor feeding | ASO, APW repair | No outcome or long-term follow-up data available |
| 18 | Fotaki et al. | TGA/IVS, PFO, PDA, type II APW | 2016 | 7 d | Postnatal/-- | -- | ASO, APW repair | Discharged on POD 15. Doing well at 3-y follow-up with only mild bilateral branch pulmonary artery stenosis. |
| Our case | Dhillon et al. | Mesocardia, TGA/IVS, PFO, large type II APW | 2016 | 7 d | Postnatal at 3 d/Term (38 + 6 wk) | Isolated unilateral clubfoot, cyanosis | ASO, PA patch augmentation, transaortic APW patch repair | Discharged home POD 13. Doing well on 1-y follow-up |
Abbreviations: GA, gestational age; TGA, transposition of the great arteries; VSD, ventricular septal defect; d, days old; mo, months old; y, years old; APW, aortopulmonary window; ASO, arterial switch operation;PHTN, pulmonary hypertension; IVS, intact ventricular septum; LCOS, low cardiac output syndrome; CHF, congestive heart failure; POD, post-operative day; ASD, atrial septal defect; PDA, patent ductus arteriosus; BAS, balloon atrial septostomy; LSVC, persistent left superior vena cava; PVR, pulmonary vascular resistance (in Woods units/m2); RV, right ventricle; PA, pulmonary artery; PFO, patent foramen ovale; VP, ventriculo-peritoneal; RA, right atrium; LV, left ventricle; Ao, aorta. (–) = data unavailable