Fig. 2.

Key mechanisms of monocyte/macrophage activation and potential therapeutic interventions. Activation of monocytes and macrophages by may be mediated by interactions with TLRs. TLR4 engagement for example induces activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis and increases glutamine metabolism promoting pro-inflammatory cytokines and toxic nitric oxide production. Also indicated are potential points to therapeutically limit inflammation by repurposing currently available metabolic drugs used to treat cancers. Figures designed using image stocks from nice-consultants.com.