Table 1.
Patient Characteristics
| All Patients With LVEF ≤35% by NYHA Class | All Patients by NYHA Class | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NYHA II + LVEF ≤35%, n = 57 | NYHA III/IV + LVEF ≤35%, n = 87 | P Value | NYHA II, n = 202 | NYHA III/IV, n = 162 | P Value | |
| Age, y | 64.2 ± 12.8 | 66.5 ± 11.7 | 0.3588 | 67.9 ± 12.3 | 69.7 ± 11.0 | 0.3120 |
| Female sex | 8.8 | 28.7 | 0.0039 | 24.3 | 33.3 | 0.0561 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 28.4 ± 4.5 | 28.5 ± 5.7 | 0.7116 | 28.8 ± 4.3 | 28.9 ± 5.7 | 0.4331 |
| Cr, mg/dL | 1.3 ± 0.5 | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 0.7760 | 1.3 ± 0.6 | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 0.6216 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 67.5 ± 29.5 | 64.8 ± 22.6 | 0.9738 | 64.8 ± 25.1 | 61.1 ± 22.3 | 0.3449 |
| <30 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 1.0000 | 6.3 | 5.9 | 0.9347 |
| K+, mmol/L | 4.3 ± 0.3 | 4.4 ± 0.5 | 0.6233 | 4.4 ± 0.5 | 4.4 ± 0.5 | 0.7375 |
| >5.5 | 0.0 | 2.9 | 0.5022 | 0.0 | 1.5 | 0.3556 |
| NT‐proBNP, pg/mL | 629.2 ± 665.4 | 976.0 ± 856.2 | 0.3977 | 554.7 ± 532.6 | 872.9 ± 772.1 | 0.1040 |
| ≥125 | 20.0 | 14.3 | 0.7503 | 26.3 | 14.3 | 0.3037 |
| Heart rate, bpma | 75.8 ± 16.2 | 73.7 ± 9.5 | 0.9917 | 72.0 ± 11.9 | 72.1 ± 11.3 | 0.7031 |
| Rhythmb | 0.3386 | 0.0930 | ||||
| Sinus rhythm | 76.2 | 69.2 | 76.8 | 65.6 | ||
| AF | 23.8 | 26.2 | 21.8 | 30.4 | ||
| Other | 0.0 | 4.6 | 1.4 | 4.0 | ||
| LBBB | 34.9 | 32.8 | 0.8244 | 30.4 | 28.7 | 0.7680 |
| QRS >130 msec | 42.9 | 32.8 | 0.3272 | 31.0 | 31.7 | 0.9110 |
| Ischemic etiology of HF | 56.1 | 60.9 | 0.5685 | 57.9 | 60.5 | 0.6198 |
| Prior MI | 45.6 | 42.5 | 0.7151 | 38.1 | 38.3 | 0.9762 |
| Hypertensive heart disease | 22.8 | 26.4 | 0.6228 | 32.2 | 26.5 | 0.2422 |
| MLHF summary score | 27.2 ± 20.4 | 42.5 ± 19.3 | <0.0001 | 28.5 ± 18.4 | 42.4 ± 19.0 | <0.0001 |
| Physical dimension | 13.3 ± 9.2 | 20.9 ± 8.0 | <0.0001 | 14.3 ± 8.9 | 21.0 ± 8.3 | <0.0001 |
| Emotional dimension | 4.2 ± 5.0 | 7.4 ± 6.0 | 0.0004 | 4.7 ± 5.0 | 7.3 ± 5.9 | <0.0001 |
Abbreviations: AF, atrial fibrillation; BMI, body mass index; Cr, creatinine; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HF, heart failure; K+, potassium; LBBB, left bundle branch block; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MI, myocardial infarction; MLHF, Minnesota Living With Heart Failure Questionnaire; NT‐proBNP, N‐terminal pro–brain natriuretic peptide; NYHA, New York Heart Association; QRS, QRS interval; SD, standard deviation.
Data are presented as mean ± SD or %.
a
Only patients with sinus rhythm.
b
Patients with pacemaker excluded from this analysis.