Table 1.
Studies Reporting Brugada Syndrome and Exercise
| Authors | Study Type and Patients | Symptoms Prior to Exercise Testing | Exercise and ECG Findings | Follow‐up |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Makimoto et al (2010)10 | 93 consecutive patients vs 102 controls | Documented VF, 22; syncope, 35. Asymptomatic, 36. | Group 1: ST augmentation in recovery, 34 (37%). Group 2: no ST changes, 59 (63%). | 76 ± 38 months during follow‐up. Group 1: CE, 15/34 (44%); ICD, 25. Group 2: CE, 10/59 (17%); ICD, 38. |
| Amin et al (2009)11 | 50 subjects vs 35 controls | VF history, 2; syncope, 12. Asymptomatic, 32. | During exercise: QRS widening; QTc prolongation; ST augmentation in early recovery, 50 (100%). | None. ICD, 13. |
| Jayasuriya et al (2011)12 | Case report | Syncope | Baseline: minor ST elevation. Coved‐type ST augmentation in recovery. | VF by EPS; ICD. |
| Archontakis et al (2011)13 | Case report | NA | Baseline: minor ST elevation. Coved‐type ST augmentation in early recovery. | 9 months. Pharmacologic test and EPS. No ICD. |
| Ozeke et al (2009)14 | Case report | NA | Baseline: saddle‐type Brugada ECG. ST augmentation in recovery; hemodynamically stable VT resolved without medication. | NA |
| Papadakis et al (2009)15 | 2 case reports | NA | Baseline: minor ST elevation. Coved‐type ST augmentation in early recovery. | Ajmaline provocative test; ICD. |
| Grimster et al (2008)16 | Case report | Syncope | Baseline: type 2. Type 1 Brugada ECG changes in recovery. | ICD offered |
| Esperer et al (2007)17 | Case report | Syncope | ST augmentation in recovery. | 9 months; ICD. |
| García‐Borbolla et al (2007)18 | Case report | NA | Type 1 Brugada ECG at rest, sustained monomorphic VT in recovery. | 12 months; ICD. |
| Cho et al (2007)19 | Case report | NA | Baseline: normal ST augmentation during exercise. | No ICD |
| Guevara‐Valdivia et al (2003)20 | Case report | Syncope | ST augmentation during exercise with decrease in recovery. | ICD |
| Guevara‐Valdivia et al21 (2001) | Case report | Syncope | ST augmentation in recovery. | No follow‐up; ICD offered. |
| Furuhashi et al (2001)22 | 11 patients | Syncope, 1 | Coved‐type ST augmentation in 1 patient from baseline saddle‐type ECG. No changes in 5, ST normalization in 5. | 2 years |
| Bertaglia et al (1998)23 | Case report | NA | Normal exercise test. | EPS and ICD |
| Valdivia et al (2004)24 | Case report | Exertional syncope | NA | EPS |
| Mok et al (2004)25 | Case report | Exertional syncope | NA | ICD offered |
| Carlsson et al (2000)26 | Case report | Exertional syncope | NA | Pharmacologic test and ICD |
| Frölke et al (2008)27 | Case report | Exertional syncope | NA | Pharmacologic test and EPS, ICD |
Abbreviations: CE, cardiac events; ECG, electrocardiogram, electrocardiographic; EPS, electrophysiology study; ICD, implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator; NA, not available; QTc, corrected QT interval; VF, ventricular fibrillation; VT, ventricular tachycardia.