Table 2.
Distribution of the Cardiovascular Health Metrics (Total N = 362)
| Health Metric | Level | Definition | Total Sample, N = 362, n (%) | Men (n = 181), n (%) | Women, n = 181, n (%) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Smoking | Ideal | Never | 170 (48.9) | 69 (40.1) | 101 (57.4) | 0.004 |
| Intermediate | Former | 133 (38.2) | 79 (45.9) | 54 (30.7) | ||
| Poor | Current | 45 (12.9) | 24 (14.0) | 21 (11.9) | ||
| Physical activity | Ideal | IPAQ high | 69 (20.2) | 40 (24.5) | 29 (16.3) | 0.165 |
| Intermediate | IPAQ moderate | 116 (34.0) | 53 (32.5) | 63 (35.4) | ||
| Poor | IPAQ low | 156 (45.8) | 70 (42.9) | 86 (48.3) | ||
| Healthy diet score | Ideal | 4–5 components | 8 (2.3) | 3 (1.7) | 5 (2.8) | 0.013 |
| Intermediate | 2–3 components | 247 (70.4) | 112 (64.0) | 135 (76.7) | ||
| Poor | 0–1 components | 96 (27.3) | 60 (34.3) | 36 (20.5) | ||
| BMI | Ideal | <25 kg/m2 | 72 (19.9) | 22 (12.2) | 50 (27.6) | 0.001 |
| Intermediate | 25–29.99 kg/m2 | 172 (47.5) | 96 (53.0) | 76 (42.0) | ||
| Poor | ≥30 kg/m2 | 118 (32.6) | 63 (34.8) | 55 (30.4) | ||
| BP | Ideal | <120/80 mm Hg, without medication | 72 (19.9) | 25 (13.8) | 47 (26.1) | 0.013 |
| Intermediate | 120/80–139/89 mm Hg or treated to <120/80 mm Hg | 186 (51.5) | 102 (56.4) | 84 (46.7) | ||
| Poor | ≥140/90 mm Hg | 103 (28.5) | 54 (29.8) | 49 (27.2) | ||
| Cholesterol | Ideal | <5 mmol/L, without medication | 59 (17.0) | 38 (22.2) | 21 (11.9) | 0.004 |
| Intermediate | 5–6 mmol/L or <5 mmol/L, on medication | 220 (63.2) | 109 (63.7) | 111 (62.7) | ||
| Poor | >6 mmol/L | 69 (19.8) | 24 (14.1) | 45 (25.4) | ||
| Glucose | Ideal | FSG <5.5 mmol/L | 267 (75.4) | 111 (63.4) | 156 (87.1) | 0.000 |
| Intermediate | FSG 5.5–6.9 mmol/L | 59 (16.7) | 44 (25.2) | 15 (8.4) | ||
| Poor | FSG ≥7 mmol/L or doctor‐diagnosed DM | 28 (7.9) | 20 (11.4) | 8 (4.5) | ||
| Overall CV health status | Ideal | All 7 health metrics at ideal levels, absence of clinical CVD | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.506 |
| Intermediate | ≥1 of the 7 health metrics at intermediate levels, no poor health metrics | 30 (10.7) | 12 (9.4) | 18 (11.8) | ||
| Poor | ≥1 of the 7 health metrics at a poor level | 250 (82.3) | 116 (90.6) | 134 (88.2) |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; CV, cardiovascular; CVD, cardiovascular disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; FSG, fasting serum glucose; IPAQ, International Physical Activity Questionnaire.