Table 2.
Mean differences in illness perceptions at baseline and follow-up.
| Illness perceptions (score range 0-10) | Gout app, mean (SD) | DASHa app, mean (SD) | Mean difference (95% CI) | P valueb | ||
| Consequences beliefs | .04 | |||||
|
|
Baseline | 4.50 (3.32) | 4.11 (3.51) | –0.39 (–1.99 to 1.22) |
|
|
|
|
Follow-up | 4.61 (2.63) | 2.19 (2.36) | –2.43 (–3.68 to –1.18) |
|
|
| Timeline beliefs | .70 | |||||
|
|
Baseline | 5.94 (3.54) | 8.03 (2.90) | 2.08 (0.56 to 3.61) |
|
|
|
|
Follow-up | 6.81 (3.31) | 7.19 (3.72) | 0.38 (–1.40 to 2.16) |
|
|
| Personal control beliefs | .28 | |||||
|
|
Baseline | 5.90 (3.02) | 7.67 (2.43) | 1.76 (0.48 to 3.05) |
|
|
|
|
Follow-up | 6.90 (2.66) | 7.56 (2.08) | 0.66 (–0.54 to 1.86) |
|
|
| Treatment control beliefs | .54 | |||||
|
|
Baseline | 7.44 (2.69) | 8.92 (1.54) | 1.47 (0.44 to 2.50) |
|
|
|
|
Follow-up | 7.42 (3.00) | 7.88 (2.81) | 0.46 (–1.01 to 1.92) |
|
|
| Identity beliefs | .001 | |||||
|
|
Baseline | 5.11 (2.94) | 3.64 (3.09) | –1.47 (–2.89 to –0.06) |
|
|
|
|
Follow-up | 4.06 (2.25) | 2.09 (2.32) | –1.97 (–3.12 to –0.82) |
|
|
| Concern beliefs | .26 | |||||
|
|
Baseline | 5.89 (3.07) | 5.67 (3.43) | –0.22 (–1.75 to 1.31) |
|
|
|
|
Follow-up | 5.26 (3.01) | 4.34 (3.38) | –0.91 (–2.53 to 0.70) |
|
|
| Understanding beliefs | .23 | |||||
|
|
Baseline | 7.44 (2.26) | 8.03 (1.81) | 0.58 (–0.38 to 1.55) |
|
|
|
|
Follow-up | 8.13 (1.96) | 7.34 (3.07) | –0.79 (–2.09 to 0.52) |
|
|
| Emotional response beliefs | .002 | |||||
|
|
Baseline | 4.81 (3.46) | 4.56 (3.83) | –0.25 (–1.97 to 1.47) |
|
|
|
|
Follow-up | 5.00 (3.01) | 2.63 (2.84) | –2.38 (–3.85 to –0.90) |
|
|
aDASH: Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension.
bP value refers to analysis of covariance for between-group comparisons postintervention.