Table 1.
Baseline Demographics and Clinical Characteristicsa
| SP Cohort | HR Cohort | PP Cohort | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control Group, n = 7814 | Case Group, n = 7799 | Control Group, n = 23 776 | Case Group, n = 23 824 | Control Group, n = 30 388 | Case Group, n = 30 249 | |
| Age (on index date), y, mean (SD) | 55.3 (6.6) | 54.9 (6.6) | 55.3 (6.3) | 54.9 (6.5) | 53.6 (7.1) | 53.2 (7.2) |
| Age category, n (%) | ||||||
| 18–39 y | 201 (2.6) | 199 (2.6) | 499 (2.1) | 628 (2.6) | 1337 (4.4) | 1504 (5.0) |
| 40–64 y | 7613 (97.4) | 7600 (97.5) | 23 277 (97.9) | 23 196 (97.4) | 29 051 (95.6) | 28 745 (95.0) |
| Female sex, n (%) | 2629 (33.6) | 2519 (32.3) | 8113 (34.1) | 7848 (32.9) | 11 530 (37.9) | 11 148 (36.9) |
| Geographic region, n (%) | ||||||
| Northeast | 1628 (20.8) | 1653 (21.2) | 4905 (20.6) | 5139 (21.6) | 5641 (18.6) | 5858 (19.4) |
| Midwest | 1960 (25.1) | 1993 (25.6) | 5937 (25.0) | 6035 (25.3) | 7229 (23.8) | 7206 (23.8) |
| South | 2388 (30.6) | 2372 (30.4) | 7283 (30.6) | 7278 (30.6) | 9422 (31.0) | 9317 (30.8) |
| West | 1285 (16.4) | 1228 (15.8) | 3962 (16.7) | 3872 (30.6) | 6258 (20.6) | 6204 (20.5) |
| Unknown/missing | 553 (7.1) | 553 (7.1) | 1689 (7.1) | 1500 (6.3) | 1838 (6.1) | 1664 (5.5) |
| Type of health plan, n (%) | ||||||
| HMO | 2328 (29.8) | 2492 (32.0) | 7036 (29.6) | 7403 (31.1) | 7658 (25.2) | 7791 (25.8) |
| PPO | 5411 (69.3) | 5235 (67.1) | 16 588 (69.8) | 16 264 (68.3) | 22 402 (73.7) | 22 122 (73.1) |
| CDHP | 75 (1.0) | 72 (0.9) | 152 (0.6) | 157 (0.7) | 328 (1.1) | 336 (1.1) |
| Medicare Advantage | 354 (4.5) | 432 (5.5) | 1129 (4.8) | 1251 (5.3) | 816 (2.7) | 912 (3.0) |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||||
| Hypertension | 6108 (78.2) | 6088 (78.1) | 17 209 (72.4) | 17 228 (72.3) | 13 468 (44.3) | 13 302 (44.0) |
| Metabolic syndrome | 137 (1.8) | 135 (1.7) | 394 (1.7) | 405 (1.7) | 215 (0.7) | 214 (0.7) |
| Liver disease | 435 (5.6) | 454 (5.8) | 1165 (4.9) | 1217 (5.1) | 858 (2.8) | 847 (2.8) |
| Renal disease | 502 (6.4) | 542 (7.0) | 1478 (6.2) | 1507 (6.3) | 478 (1.6) | 528 (1.8) |
| Quan‐Charlson comorbidity index, mean (SD)§ | 2.5 (1.9) | 2.5 (1.9) | 1.7 (1.6) | 1.7 (1.6) | 0.4 (1.0) | 0.4 (1.1) |
| Any dyslipidemic medications,b n (%) | 5013 (64.2) | 4992 (64.0) | 15 293 (64.3) | 15 199 (63.8) | 11 247 (37.0) | 11 014 (36.4) |
| Statinsb | 4377 (56.0) | 4347 (55.7) | 12 645 (53.2) | 12 578 (52.8) | 9188 (30.2) | 9019 (29.8) |
| Bile acid sequestrantsb | 104 (1.3) | 96 (1.2) | 250 (1.1) | 277 (1.2) | 236 (0.8) | 229 (0.8) |
| Fibric acid derivativesb | 630 (8.0) | 657 (8.4) | 2546 (10.7) | 2490 (10.5) | 1305 (4.3) | 1288 (4.3) |
| Ezetimibeb | 1294 (16.6) | 1293 (16.6) | 3737 (15.7) | 3738 (15.7) | 1894 (6.2) | 1854 (6.1) |
| Nicotinic acid derivativesb | 416 (5.3) | 434 (5.6) | 968 (4.1) | 999 (4.2) | 400 (1.3) | 377 (1.3) |
| Other antihyperlipidemicsb | 126 (1.6) | 128 (1.6) | 326 (1.4) | 317 (1.3) | 160 (0.5) | 154 (0.5) |
| Inpatient hospitalizations, n (%) | 4594 (58.8) | 4623 (59.3) | 4321 (18.2) | 4537 (19.0) | 2363 (7.8) | 2433 (8.0) |
| No. of hospitalizations, mean (SD) | 0.9 (1.1) | 0.9 (1.1) | 0.3 (0.9) | 0.3 (0.8) | 0.1 (0.7) | 0.1 (0.5) |
| Length of stay, d, mean (SD) | 4.0 (9.1) | 4.4 (9.8) | 1.1 (5.3) | 1.4 (6.1) | 0.3 (2.3) | 0.4 (2.9) |
| Total costs, mean (SD) | $35 255 ($58 631) | $35 300 ($51 281) | $15 814 ($30 368) | $16 038 ($29 048) | $7542 ($16 637) | $7707 ($17 393) |
Abbreviations: CDHP, consumer‐driven health plan; HMO, health maintenance organization; HR, high risk; PP, primary prevention; PPO, preferred provider organization; SD, standard deviation; SP, secondary prevention.
a
After matching.
b
Patients with ≥1 fill, n (%).
§
Quan H, Sundararajan V, Halfon P, et al.: Coding algorithms for defining comorbidities in ICD‐9‐CM and ICD‐10 administrative data. Med Care. 2005; 43:1130–1139.