Table 1.
Associations of factors with PSM in the 732 patients who underwent RARP.
| SMs |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Population | Negative | Focal PSM | Non-focal PSM | P |
| Number of patients, (%) | 732 | 540 (73.8) | 133 (18.2) | 59 (8.1) | |
| Clinical factors | |||||
| Age, years, median (IQR) | 65 (60–69) | 65 (60–69) | 65 (61–70) | 62 (57–68) | 0.089 |
| BMI, kg/m2, median (IQR) | 25.8 (23.8–28) | 26 (24–28) | 25.1 (23.3–27.2) | 25.3 (23.4–28.4) | 0.035 |
| PSA, ng/mL, median (IQR) | 6.3 (4.9–8.7) | 6.1 (4.8–8.3) | 6.9 (5.1–8.9) | 6.9 (5.1–11.3) | 0.007 |
| Prostate volume, mL, median (IQR) | 39 (30–50) | 40 (30–50) | 39 (30–48.8) | 35 (27–45) | 0.202 |
| BPC, %, median (IQR) | 29 (17–45.7) | 28 (17–42) | 33 (21–50) | 35 (21–57) | <0.001 |
| Clinical T stage, n (%) | |||||
| cT1c | 517 (70.6) | 390 (72.2) | 83 (62.4) | 44 (74.6) | 0.232 |
| cT2 | 194 (26.5) | 135 (25) | 45 (33.8) | 14 (23.7) | |
| cT3 | 21 (2.9) | 15 (2.8) | 24 (18) | 1 (1.7) | |
| Clinical N stage, n (%) | |||||
| cN0 | 710 (97) | 522 (96.7) | 130 (97.7) | 58 (98.3) | 0.669 |
| cN1 | 22 (3) | 18 (3.3) | 3 (2.3) | 1 (1.7) | |
| Biopsy grade group, n (%) | |||||
| 1 | 343 (46,9) | 262 (48.5) | 54 (40.6) | 27 (45.8) | 0.030 |
| 2–3 | 315 (43) | 229 (42.4) | 66 (49.6) | 20 (33.9) | |
| 4–5 | 74 (10.1) | 49 (9.1) | 13 (9.8) | 12 (20.3) | |
| Risk class, n (%) | |||||
| Low | 250 (34.2) | 193 (35.7) | 37 (27.8) | 20 (33.9) | 0.079 |
| Intermediate | 367 (50.1) | 271 (50.2) | 72 (54.1) | 24 (40.7) | |
| High | 115 (15.7) | 76 (14.1) | 24 (18) | 15 (13) | |
| Pathological factors | |||||
| Prostate weight, g, median (IQR) | 50 (41–63) | 52 (44–63.6) | 51 (40.2–63.7) | 50 (41.2–28.5) | 0.226 |
| Pathological grade group, n (%) | |||||
| 1 | 126 (17.2) | 107 (19.8) | 15 (11.3) | 4 (6.8) | <0.001 |
| 2–3 | 463 (63.3) | 350 (64.8) | 82 (61.7) | 31 (52.5) | |
| 4–5 | 143 (19.5) | 83 (15.4) | 36 (27.1) | 24 (40.7) | |
| Pathological T stage, n (%) | |||||
| pT2 | 572 (78.1) | 453 (83.9) | 91 (68.4) | 28 (47.5) | <0.001 |
| pT3a | 77 (10.5) | 43 (8) | 20 (15) | 14 (23.7) | |
| pT3b | 83 (11.4) | 44 (8.1) | 22 (16.5) | 17 (28.8) | |
| Pathological N stage, n (%) | |||||
| pNx | 390 (53.3) | 302 (55.9) | 57 (42.9) | 31 (52.5) | 0.003 |
| pN0 | 293 (40) | 212 (39.3) | 61 (45.9) | 20 (33.9) | |
| pN1 | 49 (6.7) | 26 (4.8) | 15 (11.3) | 8 (16.3) | |
| Perioperative factors | |||||
| OT, min, median (IQR) | 200 (160–240) | 195 (160–230) | 210 (165–245) | 210 (155–250) | 0.054 |
| Blood loss, mL, median (IQR) | 300 (200–500) | 300 (200–500) | 300 (200–450) | 300 (200–500) | 0.554 |
| ePLND, n (%) | |||||
| No | 390 (53.3) | 302 (55.9) | 57 (42.9) | 31 (52.3) | 0.026 |
| Yes | 342 (46.7) | 238 (44.1) | 76 (57.1) | 28 (47.5) | |
| Nodes, n, median (IQR) | 26 (21–33) | 27 (21–34) | 26 (22–32.7) | (19.2–28.5) | 0.348 |
| NSRP, n (%) | |||||
| No | 87 (11.9) | 63 (11.7) | 21 (15.8) | 3 (5.1) | 0.163 |
| Yes | 600 (82) | 440 (81.5) | 106 (79.7) | 54 (91.5) | |
| Unknown | 45 (6.1) | 37 (6.9) | 6 (4.5) | 2 (3.4) | |
| Surgeon volume, n (%) | |||||
| Low | 248 (33.9) | 168 (31.1) | 57 (42.9) | 23 (39) | 0.026 |
| High | 484 (66.1) | 372 (68.9) | 76 (57.1) | 36 (61) | |
| ASA score, n (%) | |||||
| 1–2 | 675 (92.2) | 495 (91.7) | 124 (93.2) | 56 (94.9) | 0.601 |
| 3–4 | 57 (7.8) | 45 (8.3) | 9 (6.8) | 3 (5.1) | |
| LOS, days, median (IQR) | 4 (4–6) | 4 (4–6) | 4 (4–5) | 5 (4–6) | 0.069 |
| Clavien–Dindo score, n (%) | |||||
| 0 | 557 (76.1) | 417 (77.2) | 97 (72.9) | 43 (72.9) | 0.628 |
| 1–2 | 154 (21) | 110 (20.4) | 31 (23.3) | 13 (22) | |
| >2 | 21 (2.9) | 13 (2.4) | 5 (3.8) | 3 (5.1) | |
| Re-admission, n (%) | |||||
| No | 711 (97.1) | 522 (96.7) | 132 (99.2) | 57 (96.6) | 0.271 |
| Yes | 21 (2.9) | 18 (3.3) | 1 (0.8) | 2 (3.4) | |