Comparison of the embryonic and postembryonic titres of ecdysteroids (black) and JH (blue) for (a) hemimetabolous insects, the grasshoppers L. migratoria (embryonic) and Schistocerca gregaria (postembryonic) and for (b) a holometabolous insect, M. sexta. The bars relate the presence of the respective cuticles to the hormone titers (cross-hatching represents pharate periods). Ecdysteroid titres are not available for Manduca embryos. Vertical dashed lines: times of ecdysis; Blasto, blastokinesis; DC, dorsal closure; E1, covered by the first embryonic cuticle; H, hatch. Ecdysteroid peaks: CP, commitment peak; PP, prepupal peak; PNP, pronymphal peak; NP, nymphal peak. Reprinted from [4]. (Online version in colour.)