Table 2.

Primers used to assay immune gene expression in T. castaneum.

primer set	full name	function	forward oligo sequence	reverse oligo sequence	AT. (°C)
Def1	defensin-1	Toll/IMD AMP	TTTRYCGTTGCARTAKCCTCC	TCAARSTGAATCATGCCGCWTG	55
Cec3	cecropin-3	Toll AMP	AACATGARYACCAAACTTTT	CCAAYTTATMGGCTKTGGWG	55
PGRP-LA	peptidoglycan recognition protein LA	IMD recognition	TGCCACCTTAAACTTCTCTAAAC	GACTGCACCCTTTGCGAACAT	55
PGRP-LC	peptidoglycan recognition protein LC	IMD recognition	ACGAAGGCCGGGGATGGAAA	GTTGTTTGCAAGCCGTTATCTG	55
PGRP-SC2	peptidoglycan recognition protein SC2	IMD recognition	ACAGTTGGATGCKTTGAAACAGT	AACTSGTYCTGCTCCCTTG	55
DDC	dopa decarboxylase	melanin synthesis	AGAAGTCGTGATGCTKGACT	CTTGRATCACGCCGCC	55
Duox	dual oxidase	ROS synthesis	CGCAATTGATCGGCCACTTT	AGCTCCAAGGGATTTGGTCG	55
TEP-B	thioester-containing protein B	cellular recognition	AGGTTTCACCTCATCGCAGG	GTTGAAATTGTGGCGCTGGT	55
S18	ribosomal protein S18	ribosomal Protein	CGAAGAGGTCGAGAAAATCG	CGTGGTCTTGGTGTGTTGAC	55