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. 2019 Aug 27;9(3):18. doi: 10.1051/bmdcn/2019090318

Table 3.

Cause and Clinical Manifestations of BC.

Cause Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error mean Sig (p value)

Damage of breast cell Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) 3.5607 0.85673 0.04606 0.000

Clinical Manifestations of BC Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean Sig. (p value)

Change in nipple position 3.5809 0.93597 0.05032 0.000
Retraction of nipple 3.4740 0.97545 0.05244 0.000
Breast or armpit pain 3.8699 0.83605 0.04495 0.004
Puckering or dumpling of breast 3.7197 0.84409 0.04538 0.000
Discharge or bleeding from nipple 3.9451 0.79118 0.04253 0.198
Breast lump 4.0867 0.77534 0.04168 0.038
Nipple rash 3.5087 0.85884 0.04617 0.000
Redness of breast skin 3.5925 0.84706 0.04554 0.000
Lump under armpit 3.9162 0.77753 0.04180 0.046
Change in size of breast or nipple 3.6705 0.85540 0.04599 0.000
Change in shape of breast or nipple 3.8237 0.83448 0.04486 0.000