Fig. 6.

Relation between left ventricular stroke work (W_stroke) and wave reflection indices, i.e., augmentation index (AIx) and backward pressure amplitude (${\widehat{p}}_{\text{bw}}$), respectively. Each symbol represents a simulation with a particular left ventricular sarcomere shortening velocity (v_s,LV; indicated by symbol type) and imposed arterial stiffness (∆k; indicated using symbol color saturation). Top: scatterplot indicating the relation between AIx and W_stroke. The dashed line illustrates variation in W_stroke values at an AIx value often found in elderly patients (see text). Bottom: scatterplot displaying the relation between ${\widehat{p}}_{\text{bw}}$ as determined using wave separation and W_stroke. Arrows indicate the direction of changes in v_s,LV and ∆k for the simulations.