Table 2.

Occurrence and levels of AFM1 in pasteurized and UHT milk samples reported in previous studies.

Location	Samples	No. of samples	Detection method	Positive samples (%)	Range (μg/kg )	Contaminated milk sample (%) > 0.05 μg/kg	Reference
Kenya	PM	53	ELISA	NR	0.0076 – 0.21	26 (49.1%)	Lindahl et al [50]
	UHT	55		NR	< LOD - 0.47	16 (29.1%)
China	PM	131	ELISA	120 (91.6)	< 0.005 – 0.3523	78 (59.5%)	Xiong et al [29]
	UHT	111		58 (52.3)	< 0.005 – 0.0725	2 (1.80%)
China	PM	38	ELISA	18 (47.4)	0.005 – 0.263	0	Li et al [36]
	UHT	193		138 (71.5)	0.007 – 0.040	23 (11.9%)
Pakistan	UHT	60	HPLC	42 (70)	LOD - 0.3029	21 (35%)	Iqbal et al [1]
Iran	PM	220	ELISA	187 (85)	0.0054 – 0.5122	154 (70%)	Tajic et al [28]
	UHT	140		93 (66.4)	0.0058 – 0.5084	76 (54.2%)
Brazil	PM	30	ELISA	16	ND - 0.064	NR	dos Santos et al [51]
Italy	UHT	31	HPLC	18 (58.1)	0.009 – 0.026	0	Armorini et al [38]
Iran	PM	20	HPLC	NR	0.008 – 0.231	1 (5%)	Taherabadi et al [52]
Jordan	PM	30	ELISA	30 (100)	0.0146 – 0.21678	12 (40%)	Omar [31]
Iran	PM	30	ELISA	4 (13.3)	NR	4 (13.3%)	Rouhi et al [32]
Brazil	PM	7	ELISA	7 (100.0)	0.01 – 0.03	2 (28.6%)	Sifuentes dos Santos et al [27]
	UHT	28		28 (100.0)	0.01 – 0.08	5 (71.4%)
Kosovo	UHT	94	ELISA	74 (78.7)	0.00502 – 0.06226	4 (4.2%)	Rama et al [34]
Croatia	UHT	706	ELISA	706 (100)	0.00398 – 0.1835	(9.64%)	Bilandzic et al [30]
Iran	PM	80	ELISA	77 (96.25)	NR	20 (16%)	Moosavy et al [33]
Pakistan	UHT	84	HPLC	35 (41.6)	LOD – 0.88	20 (23.8%)	Iqbal et al [39]
India	PM	7	HPLC	3 (42.9)	0.0018–0.0038	3 (42.9%)	Siddappa et al [37]

ELISA = enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; HPLC = high-performance liquid chromatography; LOD = limit of detection; ND = not detected; NR = not reported; PM = pasteurized milk; UHT = ultra high temperature milk.