Table 3.
All predictor variables differentiated by trajectory of post‐traumatic stress severity (i.e. cut‐off on CPSS)
| ANOVA | Resilient (n = 134) | Recovery (n = 27) | Persistent (n = 28) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | ||
| Demographic factors | |||||||
| Age | F 2,51.88 = 2.81 | 14.0 | 3.0 | 14.7 | 2.8 | 15.1 | 2.3 |
| Female Sex, n (%) | χ 2(2) = 5.82 | 52 | (38.8%) | 17 | (63.0%) | 14 | (50.0%) |
| Minority ethnicity, n (%) | χ 2(2) = 0.42 | 8 | (6.0%) | 1 | (3.7%) | 1 | (3.6%) |
| Income >£20K, n (%) | χ 2(2) = 11.64 | 93a | (78.2%) | 10b | (43.5%) | 16 | (72.7%) |
| Pretrauma factors | |||||||
| Emotional difficulties | F 2,39.44 = 12.88*** | 6.87a | 2.06 | 8.48b | 3.25 | 11.04b | 4.70 |
| Trauma characteristics | |||||||
| Assault, n (%) | χ 2(2) = 15.75*** | 17a | (12.7%) | 3 | (11.1%) | 12b | (42.9%) |
| Head injury, n (%) | χ 2(2) = 5.36 | 46 | (34.6%) | 14 | (51.9%) | 15 | (53.6%) |
| Number of injuries | F 2,186 = 0.26 | 1.68 | 0.90 | 1.78 | 0.80 | 1.79 | 0.88 |
| Fracture, n (%) | χ 2(2) = 3.18 | 36 | (26.9%) | 3 | (11.1%) | 6 | (21.4%) |
| Admission, n (%) | χ 2(2) = 6.98* | 46a | (34.3%) | 6 | (22.2%) | 3b | (10.7%) |
| Resus, n (%) | χ 2(2) = 1.83 | 19 | (14.4%) | 2 | (7.4%) | 2 | (7.1%) |
| Perm. loss function, n (%) | χ 2(2) = 2.98 | 7 | (5.2%) | 0 | (0.0%) | 0 | (0.0%) |
| Peritrauma cognitive processing | |||||||
| Threat | F 2,185 = 21.49**** | 7.08a | 2.47 | 9.44b | 2.06 | 9.61b | 1.85 |
| Data‐driven processing | F 2,185 = 32.44**** | 13.83a | 5.29 | 18.85b | 5.49 | 21.82b | 4.73 |
| Panic | F 2,185 = 48.39**** | 2.82a | 2.00 | 4.33b | 1.82 | 6.68c | 1.70 |
| Peritraumatic dissociation | F 2,185 = 34.54**** | 3.06a | 2.65 | 5.52b | 2.47 | 7.29c | 2.73 |
| Peritraumatic pain | F 2,60.79 = 15.93**** | 2.81a | 1.15 | 3.67b | 0.62 | 3.43b | 0.88 |
| Post‐trauma psychosocial factors | |||||||
| Adaptive processing | F 2,185 = 6.02** | 12.95a | 3.78 | 15.07b | 3.46 | 14.89b | 3.13 |
| Ongoing pain | F 2,44.72 = 6.87** | 1.50a | 0.76 | 1.89 | 0.80 | 2.18b | 1.06 |
| Life stressors | F 2,185 = 3.06* | 0.74 | 1.05 | 1.07 | 1.27 | 1.25 | 1.21 |
| Social support (MSPSS) | F 2,186 = 0.38 | 69.92 | 13.33 | 68.00 | 13.17 | 68.21 | 11.41 |
| Post‐trauma cognitive processing | |||||||
| Persistent dissociation | F 2,37.13 = 27.79**** | 0.58a | 1.04 | 2.33b | 2.69 | 4.79c | 3.22 |
| Memory quality (TMQQ) | F 2,185 = 81.13**** | 18.71a | 4.84 | 26.67b | 5.87 | 30.82c | 5.41 |
| Negative appraisals(CPTCI) | F 2,38.42 = 63.54**** | 31.19a | 5.95 | 43.22b | 10.54 | 63.64c | 16.91 |
| Rumination | F 2,83.62 = 57.26**** | 6.47a | 2.45 | 8.85b | 2.09 | 10.93c | 1.44 |
| Self‐blame | F 2,185 = 0.34 | 3.47 | 2.07 | 3.78 | 2.01 | 3.68 | 1.87 |
| Mental health at 2–4 weeks | |||||||
| CPSS (w2) | F 2,40.30 = 189.61**** | 5.33a | 4.36 | 23.37b | 6.28 | 29.93c | 8.81 |
| SMFQ (w2) | F 2,39.42 = 53.63**** | 2.78a | 3.09 | 9.04b | 5.06 | 13.93c | 6.61 |
Superscript letters represent significant between‐group differences. CPSS, Child PTSD Symptom Scale; CPTCI, Child Post‐Traumatic Cognitions Inventory; MSPSS, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support; SMFQ, Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire; TMQQ, Trauma Memory Quality Questionnaire.
*p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001, ****p < .0001.