Table 1.
Characteristics of study population for those with vs. without complex polypharmacy (CP) for the majority of study
| All (N=482) Col % | Non-CP (N=360) Col % | CPa (N=122) Col % | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age: <25 | 14% | 16% | 8% | 0.055 |
| 25–35 | 27% | 28% | 23% | |
| 35–45 | 23% | 20% | 30% | |
| 45–55 | 26% | 26% | 27% | |
| 55+ | 10% | 10% | 12% | |
| Sex: Female | 59% | 58% | 62% | 0.353 |
| Race: White | 72% | 70% | 80% | 0.073 |
| Black | 21% | 24% | 14% | |
| Other | 7% | 7% | 7% | |
| Education: High School/GED or less | 25% | 27% | 20% | 0.157 |
| Employment: Employed or studentb | 45% | 49% | 34% | 0.005* |
| Current diagnosis: BD I (vs. BD II) | 68% | 66% | 74% | 0.131 |
| Social or generalized anxiety disorder | 39% | 37% | 48% | 0.034* |
| Lifetime history of substance use disorder | 45% | 44% | 45% | 0.903 |
| Lifetime history of psychiatric hospitalization | 47% | 45% | 53% | 0.120 |
| Lifetime history of suicide attempt | 39% | 38% | 41% | 0.561 |
| Randomized to lithium + APT | 50% | 48% | 56% | 0.129 |
| Quetiapine + APT | 50% | 52% | 44% | |
| Improvement in CGI-BP-S score ≥1 | 77% | 79% | 70% | 0.055 |
| Remission (CGI-BP-S score ≤2 for 8+ weeks) | 22% | 24% | 16% | 0.042 |
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | ||
| Age | 38.9 (12.1) | 38.1 (12.3) | 41.3 (11.4) | 0.010* |
| Baseline CGI-BP-S (overall, out of 7) | 4.5 (0.9) | 4.5 (0.9) | 4.6 (0.8) | 0.125 |
| Baseline BISS depression score (0/88) | 37.5 (14.0) | 36.7 (14.2) | 39.8 (13.5) | 0.035* |
| Baseline BISS mania score (0/92) | 19.1 (12.2) | 19.6 (12.6) | 17.7 (10.7) | 0.137 |
| Mean number of BD medications | 2.0 (1.0) | 1.5 (0.5) | 3.4 (0.7) | <.001* |
*
p<0.05 for unadjusted difference between CP and non-CP in two-sided test statistic.
a
Complex polypharmacy was defined as being prescribed ≥3 bipolar drugs for greater than 50% of study visits.
b
Employment is defined as employed or student status, while unemployed includes those who are retired, on disability, and other.
Abbreviations: CP = Complex Polypharmacy, BD = Bipolar Disorder, APT = Adjunctive Personalized Therapy, CGI-BP-S = Clinical Global Impressions – Bipolar Scale