Table 2:
Crude and Adjusted Effect Sizes using Multilevel Logistic Regression for Patient, Provider, and Facility Factor Association with Overuse of Surveillance
| Crude Odds Ratio (95% CI) | Adjusted* Odds Ratio (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| Patient Factors | ||
| Age | 1.00 (0.97, 1.02) | 1.00 (0.98, 1.02) |
| Sex | ||
| Male | Reference | Reference |
| Female | 1.22 (0.33, 4.55) | 1.47 (0.38, 5.66) |
| Race | ||
| White | Reference | Reference |
| African-American | 1.16 (0.65, 2.06) | 1.33 (0.73, 2.43) |
| Asian | 0.92 (0.18, 4.81) | 1.12 (0.21, 6.07) |
| Hispanic | 1.97 (0.42, 9.18) | 1.51 (0.31, 7.34) |
| Native American | 0.53 (0.15, 1.91) | 0.52 (0.14, 1.96) |
| Unlisted | 0.48 (0.28, 0.83) | 0.49 (0.28, 0.85) |
| Year of Diagnosis | ||
| 2011 | Reference | Reference |
| 2010 | 0.74 (0.48, 1.16) | 0.77 (0.49, 1.22) |
| 2009 | 1.03 (0.64, 1.64) | 0.99 (0.61, 1.59) |
| 2008 | 1.11 (0.69, 1.80) | 1.21 (0.74, 1.97) |
| 2007 | 1.12 (0.68, 1.87) | 1.12 (0.66, 1.88) |
| 2006 | 1.85 (1.03, 3.33) | 2.03 (1.11, 3.69) |
| 2005 | 2.26 (1.18, 4.31) | 2.50 (1.29, 4.83) |
| No. of ComorbiditiesΛ | ||
| 0 | Reference | Reference |
| 1 | 1.48 (0.94, 2.33) | 1.57 (0.98, 2.52) |
| 2 | 1.45 (0.92, 2.29) | 1.60 (1.00, 2.55) |
| 3 or More | 1.03 (0.68, 1.54) | 1.12 (0.73, 1.70) |
| Household Income | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) |
| Patient Rurality | ||
| Urban | Reference | Reference |
| Rural | 0.99 (0.74, 1.32) | 0.89 (0.65, 1.23) |
| Distance to Facility | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) |
| Provider Factors | ||
| Provider Age | ||
| <40 | Reference | Reference |
| ≥40 and <50 | 0.95 (0.55, 1.64) | 0.96 (0.54, 1.68) |
| ≥50 and <60 | 1.09 (0.64, 1.87) | 1.17 (0.67, 2.03) |
| ≥60 | 1.03 (0.64, 1.65) | 1.12 (0.68, 1.84) |
| Unlisted | 1.26 (0.75, 2.12) | 1.24 (0.72, 2.11) |
| Provider Sex | ||
| Male | Reference | Reference |
| Female | 0.94 (0.54, 1.62) | 1.12 (0.62, 2.01) |
| Unlisted | 1.47 (0.99, 2.19) | 1.57 (1.00, 2.46) |
| Facility Factors | ||
| Facility Size† | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) |
| Number of Urologists‡ | 0.99 (0.87, 1.12) | 1.08 (0.93, 1.26) |
| Facility Rurality | ||
| Urban | Reference | Reference |
| Rural | 1.03 (0.54, 1.98) | 0.98 (0.46, 2.10) |
| Complexity Level§ | ||
| 1a [most complex] | Reference | Reference |
| 1b | 0.90 (0.54, 1.48) | 0.88 (0.51, 1.50) |
| 1c | 1.66 (0.95, 2.89) | 1.78 (0.99, 3.20) |
| 2 | 1.15 (0.75, 1.76) | 1.08 (0.60, 1.93) |
| 3 [least complex] | 1.31 (0.61, 2.80) | 1.35 (0.49, 3.72) |
Abbreviations: 95% CI, 95% Confidence Interval | No., Number
*:
Adjusted for all variables shown in table
^:
Number of Comorbidities measured by the Elixhauser Comorbidity Index
†:
Facility Size measured by number of operating beds in fiscal year 2008
‡:
Number of Urologists measured by full-time equivalents in fiscal year 2010
§:
Complexity level as defined by the VA National Surgery Office. The complexity level reflects the complexity of surgical procedures that can be performed at each facility.