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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Pain. 2019 Feb 27;20(9):1027–1039. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2019.02.012

Fig. 4.

Fig. 4.

Conditioned modulation of the nociceptive flexion reflex (NFR) magnitude by CPM phase in sexual assault (SA) survivors, a matched control group of non-SA trauma-exposed persons (no-SA), and an unmatched control group of persons without trauma exposure (no-TE). The no-TE group demonstrated significant reduction in NFR during the post-test phase, relative to the other phases. However, the other two groups failed to show significant inhibition. In fact, the SA group showed significant NFR facilitation during the conditioning phase, relative to the other phases. Means±SEM.