Table 1.
Pre-study participant characteristics in the intention-to-treat population.
| Testosterone (n = 24) | Placebo (n = 26) | |
|---|---|---|
| Race and ethnicity, n (%) | ||
| Non-Hispanic Black | 6 (25) | 7 (27) |
| Non-Hispanic White | 14 (58) | 16 (61) |
| Hispanic | 3 (13) | 0 (0) |
| Other | 1 (4) | 3 (12) |
| Age, y | 25 (5) | 25 (5) |
| Height, cm | 178 (9) | 178 (6) |
| Weight, kg | 81 (14) | 77 (10) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 25 (3) | 24 (3) |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 119 (8) | 117 (10) |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 73 (8) | 74 (6) |
| Total testosterone, nmol/L | 17 (5) | 15 (3)† |
| Free testosterone, nmol/L | 0.34 (0.10) | 0.31 (0.10) |
| Follicle stimulating hormone, IU/L | 3.3 (1.9) | 3.8 (2.2) |
| Estradiol, pmol/L | 157 (52) | 155 (53) |
| Sex-hormone binding globulin, nmol/L | 37 (18) | 32 (11) |
| Luteinising hormone, IU/L | 3.7 (1.3) | 4.4 (2.0) |
| Insulin-like growth factor-1, nmol/L | 37 (9) | 36 (12) |
| Glucose, mmol/L | 4.9 (0.4) | 4.9 (0.3) |
| Insulin, pmol/L | 68 (106) | 55 (51) |
| Cortisol, nmol/L | 371 (107) | 411 (141) |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 4.2 (0.7) | 4.3 (0.9) |
| High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, mmol/L | 1.5 (0.3) | 1.4 (0.3) |
| Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, mmol/L | 2.4 (0.6) | 2.6 (0.7) |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 0.81 (0.41) | 0.87 (0.50) |
| Haemoglobin, g/L | 150 (10) | 150 (11) |
| Haematocrit, % | 45 (2) | 44 (3) |
| Prostate-specific antigen, μg/L | 0.78 (0.61) | 0.67 (0.34) |
| Alanine aminotransferase, μkat/L | 0.39 (0.14) | 0.35 (0.13) |
| Body mass composition, kg | ||
| Total | 81.0 (13.7) | 76.5 (10.3) |
| Lean | 60.7 (10.1) | 56.0 (5.4)* |
| Fat | 17.0 (6.8) | 17.4 (6.6) |
| Peak oxygen uptake, L/min | 3.6 (0.8) | 3.4 (0.6) |
| Absolute intake, kcal/d or g/d | ||
| Energy | 2432 (777) | 2478 (950) |
| Carbohydrate | 258 (99) | 281 (114) |
| Protein | 118 (39) | 113 (40) |
| Fat | 106 (38) | 103 (49) |
| Relative intake, kcal/kg body mass/d or g/kg body mass/d | ||
| Energy | 32 (14) | 33 (13) |
| Carbohydrate | 3.4 (1.7) | 3.8 (1.6) |
| Protein | 1.5 (0.6) | 1.5 (0.6) |
| Fat | 1.4 (0.6) | 1.4 (0.7) |
Values are mean (standard deviation). Testosterone = 55% energy deficit + 200 mg testosterone enanthate per week during Phase 2, Placebo = 55% energy deficit + 1 mL sesame seed oil placebo per week during Phase 2.