TABLE 1.
Cases of Ebola virus disease (probable or confirmed) according to reported signs and symptoms
| Symptom | No. (%) of patientsa
|
P valueb
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-EVD cases (n = 7) | Probable EVD cases (n = 13) | Confirmed EVD cases (n = 22) | Probable vs. non-EVD | Confirmed vs. non-EVD | Confirmed/probable vs. non-EVD | |
| Fever | 6 (86) | 12 (92) | 20 (91) | 0.48 | 0.44 | 0.41 |
| Headache | 0 (0) | 4 (31) | 8 (36) | 0.15 | 0.07 | 0.08 |
| Diarrhea | 2 (29) | 11 (85) | 13 (59) | 0.02 | 0.13 | 0.05 |
| Abdominal pain | 0 (0) | 5 (39) | 8 (36) | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.06 |
| Vomiting | 2 (29) | 11 (85) | 12 (55) | 0.02 | 0.18 | 0.07 |
| Fatigue | 0 (0) | 8 (62) | 9 (41) | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.02 |
| Anorexia | 0 (0) | 6 (46) | 4 (18) | 0.04 | 0.31 | 0.12 |
| Muscle pain | 0 (0) | 5 (39) | 8 (36) | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.08 |
| Dysphagia | 0 (0) | 5 (39) | 5 (23) | 0.08 | 0.22 | 0.12 |
| Dyspnea | 0 (0) | 1 (8) | 4 (18) | 0.65 | 0.31 | 0.38 |
| Cough | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (9) | 1.00 | 0.57 | 0.69 |
| Skin rash | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (9) | 1.00 | 0.57 | 0.69 |
| Bleeding from injection site | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (9) | 1.00 | 0.57 | 0.69 |
| Gingival bleeding | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (9) | 1.00 | 0.57 | 0.69 |
| Conjunctival bleeding | 0 (0) | 1 (8) | 2 (9) | 0.65 | 0.57 | 0.57 |
| Melena | 0 (0) | 5 (39) | 5 (23) | 0.08 | 0.22 | 0.12 |
| Hematemesis | 0 (0) | 2 (15) | 4 (18) | 0.41 | 0.31 | 0.31 |
| Epistaxis | 0 (0) | 1 (8) | 3 (14) | 0.65 | 0.42 | 0.47 |
| Vaginal bleeding | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (9) | 1.00 | 0.57 | 0.69 |
| Other types of bleeding | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (9) | 1.00 | 0.57 | 0.69 |
| Deceased | 0 (0) | 8 (62) | 15 (68) | 0.01 | 2.20E−03 | 1.87E−03 |
a
From the 70 patients in the study, 65 had clinical information to perform statistical testing.
b
P values using Fisher’s exact test were calculated using patients with probable or confirmed EVD cases compared to negative EVD patients. Significant symptom severity measured at a P value of <0.05 is marked in boldface font.