TABLE 3.

Sensitivity and specificity of ULTRA and Xpert MTB/RIF assay using unprocessed and concentrated (pellet centrifugation) pleural fluid to diagnose pleural TB^a

Sample type	Values [% (CI), n/N] for:
	ULTRA		Xpert MTB/RIF
	Sensitivity	Specificity	Sensitivity	Specificity
Fluid	29.5 (13.3–53.2), 5/17	100 (89.6–100), 34/34	29.5 (13.3–53.2), 5/17	100 (89.9–100), 34/34
Concentrated	31.3 (14.2–55.6), 5/16b	100 (89.6–100), 33/33	33.4 (15.2–58.3), 5/15c	100 (89.3–100), 32/32

^aTwo aliquots of a median volume of 10 ml of pleural fluid was centrifuged at 3,000 × g for 15 min with the pellet resuspended in sterile PBS, followed by Xpert MTB/RIF and ULTRA. A positive M. tuberculosis pleural fluid, biopsy specimen, and/or sputum culture and/or histology in keeping with M. tuberculosis infection was used as a reference for definite TB. No microbiological or histological evidence of M. tuberculosis and/or an alternative diagnosis being available was defined as non-TB.

^bError (n = 1) in the concentrated ULTRA.

^cError (n = 2) in the concentrated Xpert MTB/RIF.