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. 2019 Aug 27;9:12400. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-48896-6

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Artificial plaque lump 3 (L3) signal was located very close to strong RF noise at scan #115 in the 9^th imaging plane. From this measurement, (a) IV-DPAR amplitude and (b) LF single-ended 1210-nm PAR amplitude was highlighted. At scan #253 in the 9^th imaging plane, the L1 signal was completely superposed with the local RF noise. From this measurement, (c) IV-DPAR amplitude and (d) LF single-ended 1210-nm PAR amplitude was highlighted. In both situations, IV-DPAR could successfully extract cholesterol signals from the background while the single-ended 1210-nm PAR mode was severely affected by the adjacent noise. N: RF + arterial wall noise.